Fallacies

Question 1

Pathos

Answer 1

use emotion to distract audience from the facts and manipulate the audience into drawing unjustified conclusions

Question 2

oversimplification

Answer 2

provides easy answers to complicated questions, often by appealing to emotions rather than logic

Question 3

red herrings

Answer 3

use misleading or unrelated evidence to support a conclusion

Question 4

scare tactics

Answer 4

try to frighten people into agreeing with the arguer by threatening them or pretending unrealistically dire consequences

Question 5

ad populum/bandwagon

Answer 5

encourage an audience to agree with the writer because everyone else is doing do

Question 6

false authority

Answer 6

asks audiences to agree with the assertion of a writer based simply on his or her character or the authority of another person or institution who may not be fully qualified to off that assertion

Question 7

using authority instead of evidence

Answer 7

occurs when someone offers personal authority as proof

Question 8

guilt by association

Answer 8

calls someone’s character into question by examining the character of that person’s associates

Question 9

ad hominem/name calling

Answer 9

arguments to attack a person’s character rather than that person’s reasoning

Question 10

hasty generalization

Answer 10

draws general and premature conclusions from scanty evidence

Question 11

faulty casuality

Answer 11

arguments confuse chronology with causation; one event can occur after another without being caused by it

Question 12

stacked evidence/slanting/card stacking

Answer 12

represents only one side of the issue thus distorting the issue

Question 13

begging the question

Answer 13

occurs when a writer simply restates the claim in a different way; such an argument is circular; trying to prove one idea with another idea that is too similar to the first idea

Question 14

repetition

Answer 14

technique used to drum message into target audience’s subconscious by repeating words or key phrases over and over until resistance to the message weakens, and the target audience eventually accepts it

Question 15

Rhetoric and propaganda

Answer 15

rhetoric and propaganda are all around in the form of political speeches, commercials on tv, movies, newspapers, magazines, and everyday conversation. Propaganda is the system of spreading of info, esp in a biased/misleading way in order to promote a political cause or a point of view