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Philosophy > Fallacies > Flashcards

Fallacies Flashcards

1
Q

clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.

A

knowledge

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2
Q
  • Our _ is comprised of ideas and beliefs that we know to be true
    Based on reality
  • Observable or evident
A

Knowledge

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3
Q

Positions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful
Checking will be done via experiment, observation, or by verifying the fact with a source document

A

facts

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4
Q

Cannot be proven or checked
Tells what someone thinks, feels, or believes

A

opinion

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5
Q

Proven by facts or sincerity
_ (science) = based on facts-as something that is observable
Kind of quality and value
Important to clarify the knowledge

A

truths

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6
Q
  • Claims, evidence and experiences is scrutinized and analyzed
  • Helps determine truth
  • Nothing is taken as true unless there is sufficient reason and evidence to prove
A

doubt

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7
Q

Belief is true if it can be justified/proven through the use of one’s senses

A

true

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8
Q

A belief or statement is true if it is based on facts

A

true

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9
Q

Getting a consensus or having people agree on a common belief. This is getting everyone to agree on something with nobody opposing or against on that statement

A

true

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10
Q

A statement is true if there are official documents or supporting facts

A

true

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11
Q

Statements can also be true through actions statement is true if it is subjected to tests to determine the truth

A

true

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12
Q

shows factual information regarding your birth. Since it is issued by an institution the documents are truthful
Person may be contained wrong information or typographical error

A

birth certificate

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13
Q

Series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener
Number of _ are based on faulty reasonings

A

arguments

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14
Q

Mistake of misunderstanding in logic that fails to support the argument

A

fallacy

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15
Q

Attacking the person instead of the argument itself

A

ad hominem

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16
Q

Appeal to force
Using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument

A

argumentum ad baculum

17
Q

Appeal to emotion
Using emotions such as pity and sympathy

A

argumentum ad misericordiam

18
Q

Appeal to Popularity or Bandwagon.
The idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it

A

argumentum ad popolum

19
Q

Appeal to authority
Misusing man’s authority

A

argumentum ad verecundiam

20
Q

Assuming that what is true of a part is the truth for the whole

A

fallacy of composition

21
Q

Assuming that what is true of a whole is the truth for the part

A

fallacy of division

22
Q

Generalized is reached too hastily
There are too few instances or evidences to support a conclusion

A

hasty generalization

23
Q

Assuming a case and effect relationship between unrelated events

A

POST HOC (false cause)

24
Q

Circular reasoning. Occurs when the conclusion of an argument is assumed in the phrasing of the question itself

A

begging the question

25
Q

The personal views of the person presenting it.
They are not necessarily errors in reasoning, but refer to tendencies or influences which affect the views of people

A

bias

26
Q

Attribute effect.
Tendency to judge a person’s personality by his/her actions without regard for external factors or situations.

A

correspondence bias

27
Q

Tendency to look for a readily accepted information which fits one’s own beliefs or views that go against it

A

confirmation bias

28
Q

A person or group is connected to or has vested interest in the issue

A

conflict of interest

29
Q

Analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural standards

A

cultural bias

30
Q

Tendency of people to react differently to a particular choice depending on how it is presented or framed

A

framing

31
Q

Knew-it-all-along phenomenon
After an event occurs, we feel we already what was going to happen

A

hindsight

Philosophy (7 decks)

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