Fallacies

Question 1

Fallacies of scope

Answer 1

Occurs when the conclusion of an argument moves well outside the boundaries established by the premises, that is, the reasoning used in the premises are far too narrow in relation to the large scope of the claim.

Question 2

Fallacy of presumption

Answer 2

Occurs when the conclusion of an argument can only be drawn from faulty premises that we are asked to assume are necessarily true (premises are oversimplified)

Question 3

Inductive argument

Answer 3

A defective statement that uses specific premises to make a broader generalisation, that is, the conclusion has a wider scope than the premises in the argument.

Question 4

Faulty analogy

Answer 4

When it has ignored relevant un-shared characteristics between the two things being compared.

Question 5

Hasty generalisation

Answer 5

When a number and variety in the sample is not representative of the population it is a part of (based on too little evidence).

Question 6

False dichotomy

Answer 6

Claims there are only two options

Question 7

Slippery slope

Answer 7

Claiming to appeal to a chain of events which are claiming to lead from acceptance from an opponents proposal to some undesirable consequence, that is, the situation is described as something that will be deteriorate rapidly if the first premise is allowed to occur.

Question 8

False cause

Answer 8

Wrongfully drawing a conclusion that one thing causes another, when the two things are coincidental (cause and effect relationship).