Fallacies Flashcards
False Dilemma
Emotional Fallacy
Reducing a complicated argument to simple terms which obscure other alternatives.
Slippery Slope
Emotional Fallacy
Exaggerates the possibility that a relatively inconsequential action today will have serious consequences in the future.
Bandwagon
Emotional Fallacy
Recommend a course of action because everyone else is following it.
False Authority
Ethical Fallacy
When a person making a claim is presented as an expert who should be trusted in a certain area, so should be trusted in the area of their claim.
Ad Hominem
Ethical Fallacy
Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.
Cherry Picking
Ethical Fallacy
Choosing evidence that supports an argument but withholding evidence that would go against it. The stronger the withheld evidence, the more fallacious the argument.
Hasty Generalization
Logical Fallacy
Drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size, rather than looking at statistics that show the typical or average situation.
Faulty Causality
Logical Fallacy
Because one thing occurred after another, it must have occurred as a result of it.
Begging the Question
Logical Fallacy
Any form of argument where the conclusion is assumed in one of the premises.
Equivocation
Logical Fallacy
Using an ambiguous term in more than one sense, thus making an argument misleading.
Non Sequitur
Logical Fallacy
When the conclusion doesn’t follow the premises. When what is presented as evidence or reasoning is irrelevant or adds little support to the conclusion.
Strawman
Logical Fallacy
Substituting a person’s actual position or argument with a distorted, simplified, or misrepresented version of the position of the argument.
Red Herring
Logical Fallacy
Attempting to redirect the argument to another issue to which the person doing the redirection can better respond.
