fall final Flashcards
biology
the study of living organisms using the scientific method
Bioethics
the study of the typically controversial ethical issues emerging from new situations and possibilities brought about by advances in biology and medicine.
theory of evolution
animals will constantly adapt to their environment and when one mutates in a way that will help survival they will have a higher chance of reproduction
Chemical substances in order of complexity
atom, element, compound
what are the building blocks of all living things
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
DNA vs RNA
DNA is the blueprint and is double stranded, RNA moves DNA and is single stranded
Characteristics of living things
- Moves under their own power
- Reproduce others like themselves
- Senses and reacts to changes in their environment
- Grows and develops during some part of their life
Interphase
the period between divisions
What is special about muscle and nerve cells?
they don’t regenerate so what you get is what you will have
Mitosis stages
Interphase – no division
Prophase – Chromosomes thicken and Pack up
Metaphase – Chromosomes meet in the Middle
Anaphase – Chromosomes pull Away
Telophase – Chromosomes move towards the Tip
Cell theory
every living thing is made up of cells, cells make other cells
Diffusion
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concintration
Osmosis
the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Levels of organization
Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
plant cell vs animal cell
plant cell – has a cell wall and takes part in photosynthesis
Animal Cell – is surrounded only by a selectively permeable membrane and must get its ATP via intracellular digestion
Nitrogen base units of DNA
adenine, thymine, guanin, cytosine
Histones
proteins with strong positive charges that balance the negative charge of DNA, binding the DNA to it in order to be synthesized.
Cell cycle checkpoints
proteins that detect mistakes and halts the cell cycle until repairs are made
prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and are much more simple
enzymes
proteins that catalyze chemical reactions without being damaged
what happens in the G0 phase, the S phase, The M phase
G0 phase – the phase cells are in most of their life, this is the phase where cells are not dividing
S phase – DNA synthesis, the cell replicates its DNA
M phase – Mitosis, cell division occurs
the backbone of DNA
sugar-phosphate bonds
pH
the concentration of Hydrogen,
1-6 is acidic.
7 is water
8-14 is basic
the 6 elements that make up a living thing
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur,
