Failure Of The 1848 Revolutions

Question 1

French Revolution

Answer 1

1789- King Charles x was overthrown by radicals, liberals and Paris mob and was replaced by Louis Phillipe which created the possibility to Italians for French support

Question 2

Moderna

Answer 2

Led by enrich misley who revealed plans for uniting with duke Francis IV and free from Austrian control however Francis had him arrested and asked for Austrian support in any future uprisings. In his absence to Austria, the revolutionaries took over the city of moderna and established a provisional government

Question 3

Parma

Answer 3

Encouraged by moderna, students started to riot and demanded a constitution

Question 4

Result of moderna and Parma

Answer 4

Within a month Francis IV returned at the head of the Austrian army and defeated the revolutionaries

Question 5

Papal States

Answer 5

Liberals wished to challenge the clerical state and re establish a secular state similar to that under the napoleonic rule
Feb 1831, a revolutionary army led by colonial guiseppe sercognani captured the papal port of Ancona and in the following month they established a provisional government which wanted a reformed finance system and an elected assembly however by march the Austrian army intervened

Question 6

Reason for failure : lack of foreign support

Answer 6

Unlike enrico misley had hoped there was no intervention for France which means the revolutionaries who were ill equipped had no chance of standing up to the Austrians particular since in 1831 5/6 main rulers had called for their support
France in 1832 sent troops to ancora

Question 7

Contrast to Austrians beliefs

Answer 7

Their cause of granting greater constitutional liberty stood in direct contrast to Metternich no the Austrian forces were used as a means to deny this liberty and establish themselves as the ultimate guarantor of conservative rule in Italy

Question 8

Localities

Answer 8

Didn’t constitute a national uprising and no communication between regions . Their ambitions of the revolutionaries were limited by their localism and so didn’t have broad popular support aswell as the members were usually part of exclusive secret societies such as the carbonari : committed to the principles of the rights of the people and were prepared to use violence