Failure of a constituional monarchy Flashcards
When were the August decrees
4th- 11th August 1789
What did  the August decrees do?
Abolish feudalism Abolishment of tithes Venality abolished Taxes made equal across estates Offices open to all citizens
What was the great fear
Rural unrest in France, pearls taking up arms against lords targeting sources of oppression
 because of bad harvests and rising grain prices grain prices
When was the great fear?
Summer 1789
What happened because of the August decrees
Not sudden change
Was a statement of intent that noble privileges would be cast aside and promised a more equal society
When was the decoration of the rights of man and citizen
26th August 1789
What was the Dec of R of m
List of principles and values for new constitution
It ended privilege and the ancien regime
Mainly represented the interests of the property owning bourgeoisie
Who wrote the declaration
Lafayette majorly with help from Jefferson
Who wrote the American declaration
What was in the declaration
All men born free with equal rights
Main rights were liberty, security and resistance to oppression
Power rests with the people
Freedom of worship, expression and to buy property
Taxation in proportion to means
What did Louis do in response to these
5th August he refused the August decrees
Also voiced objections to declaration
What did Louis objections cause the Assembly to do
Question what rights the king should have
September 1789, agreed he would get a suspense veto, ment he could suspend all hut financial laws for upto 4 yeas
What did radical newspapers do in October
Spread rumours of royal insult on a cockade
What did tensions in Paris cause in October
6000-2000 women gathered at hotel de ville demanding bread, they were then persuaded to March to Versailles
What happened whenthe women arrived at Versailles
They broke into the palace and killed royal guards
The National guard came and helped suppress the violence
What was the result of the October days, king and CA
King was escorted to Paris, Tuileries
CA also moved to Paris, house 56 monarchist deputies fled in fear of their lives which was a loss in support for Louis
Why were the October days symbolic?
Gave a sense of victory to the revolution over the ancien regime and showed the common people take political events into their own hands
What powers did the king still have
Right to appoint own ministers, ambassadors, military commanders
25 million lives royal expenditure
Given suspensive veto to delay laws up to 4 years
What powers did the king loose
Stripped of significant legislative power
No longer initiate new laws or taxes, all written and sanctioned the constituent Assembly
Who could vote
What did they vote for
Active citizens, male tax payers over 25
Voted in local governments, to choose electors who voted for the CA deputies
Percentages of the votes effectiveness
70% male citizens vole
50% could electors
10% could become deputies
Reaction of this system of voting
Was a bigger franchise then anywhere else in Europe
Was a major change from ancien regime
Faced some opposition as people didn’t like the concept of active and passive citizens
What economic reforms made in summer 1789
CA abolished taille, gable, tithes, feudal dues, custom duties, state monopolies, tax forming
Who did the economic reforms benefit
Bourgeoise, had suffered from monopolies and customs
Peasant land owners, no longer payed land tax
When was nationalisation of church land
2nd November 1789
How was church land sold
Was land of the church and emigres worth 400 mil livers
Much sold to bourgeois and neasenty
To purchase biens nationaux had to buy assigns
When was the new taxation system introduced
January 1791
What did the new taxation system do
All taxes direct
New tax on transfer of goods, passive citizens exempt
Tax on business profits
Universal land tax, no exemptions
Why did some celebrate the selling of church land
Argued made nons/ monks useful citizens
Saw it as redressing the balance of church greed and exploitation
Why did others dislike the attack on the church
Saw attack on church as attack on God
Bishops condemned actions of the CA, said those who bought church land were in league with the devil
What stopped as a result of sale of church land
The education, health care that the church provided to the less wealthy
When was the civil constitution of the clergy sanctioned
12th July 1790
What sort of church did the constituent Assembly wast
Free from abuses such as plurality Independent from Rome Democratic Linked to new system of government Linked closer to the state to strengthen revolution
What were key terms of the Ccoc
No recognition of bishops appointed by the pope
All titles not mentioned in the civil constitution abolished
All priest and bishops to be elected
All priests payed by the state
27th November 1790?
Oath of allegiance to the constitution
How many signed the oath
7 out of 83 bishops
Those who didn’t sign were known as refinery priests and were persecuted so many fled
What were he two Catholic Churches in France
One was he constitutional church, which revolution accepted the revolution but rejected by the pope
The other was a non-juring church approved by the pope but seen as rejecting the revolution
Who else opposed the ccc
Not only clergy
Peasantry didn’t like it, church was cente of their lives
Especially in western areas
When did Protestants and Jews get full civil rights
Protestants 1789
Jews 1791
What other freedom did the CA uphold in their reforms
Freedom of expression, no censorship, CA useable to radical press
What other reforms were made
Abolishion of parlements Aug 1790
Letters de cachet abolished
All citizens tried in the same trial
What were letters de cachet replaced with
Justices of peace, country divided to 83 departments
Active citizens elect a jp, hey would then oversee law and order for that region.
What were the aims of the jacobin club
Preserve gains of the revolution
Ensure statute of the city
Protect property/intrests of bourgeoisie
Who attended Jacobins ? Price? Popularity?
Wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists High entry fees Very popular 1200 members in Paris 152 affiliated clubs
When did the Jacobins split?
July 1791, after flight to varennes
How did the jacobins split
More radical followed Robespierre, became more republican
Less radial split away made different club, feuilliants
What Jobs did Robespierre have
Was a lawyer, fought for underdog, driven by liberal justice
Elected to estates generals
Became deputy of the CA
Became president of Jacobins March 1790
Robespierre, lifestyle? Motivation? Nickname?
Led a simplistic, idealistic lifestyle
Did work for the people
The incorruptible, nicknamed for his great oral skills
When were these clubs established
Jacobins late 1789
Cordeliers spring 1790
Aims of Cordeliers club
Believed CA refoms fell short of deceleration
Onnosed distinction of active/passive citizens, male suffrage
Pro insurrection
Saw it their duty to watchover government and stand up for the oppressed
Cordeliers, members? Price? Speakers?
Cheap entry fee
Still brought wealthy, well educated members
Darren, Desmoulins, Marat, Brissot
What Jobs had Danton had?
Lawyer
July 1789, inspired to join National guard, commander
Position in Paris commune
Danton, motivation? Figure? Lifestyle?
Felt CA wasn’t representing lower classes, so established club
Local figure, man of the people, close association with sans-culottes
Luxurious lifestyle, spending, women, drinking
Jobs Brissot had
Had lived in poverty, lived hand to mouth as writer
Worked as pamphleteer
Moved to Paris, estates generals, started newspaper
Joined Legislative Assembly Sep 1791
Girondin faction,
Brissot views and beliefs
Committed republican
Skilled crater
Wanted abolishment of monarchy
why were there strikes in 1791
economic prices
inflation
rise in bread prices
bad harvests
how were the strikes in 1791 dealt with
national guard maintained order
who were the sans culottes
rioters
tradespeople craftspeople workers shop owners
what was the reason for unrest in 1791
increasing radicalism of politcal clubs
danton, desmoulins, marat
rioters fuelled by agitators and radical press
what was part of revolutionary culture
fashion
long hair, aristocratic declined
sans culottes- red bonnet stripe trousers
citizen used to describe each other
who were influential towards a constitutional monarchy
lafayette, mirabeau
what was mirabeau’s career
leading in early consituent assembly
imprisoned under lettres de cachet
pamphleteer
elected to estates generals
what were mirabeau’s beliefs
opposed despotism
constitutional monarchy, monarchs powers shared with assembly
denounced violence
oppose august decrees and delaration seen as too radical
why was mirabeau seen as a monachist
he worked closely with the king to reach a compromise of radical beliefs
mirabeau was being paid to show support for the king
what did lafayette do to prevent radicalism
national guard
who was in the triumlative
duport
barnave
comte
what did the triumlative believe in
brige teh political divide in ca
wanted compromise with the king
constitutional monarchy
what counter revolutionary club was established in 1790
monarchy club
what happened to the monarchy club
produced propaganda to counter cordiliers
came into violence with jacobins
spring 1791 ceased to exisit
lack in popularity
jacobin dominance
created a fear of couter revolutionary ideas
conc
was was the impact of the political clubs and groups
political divide
increasing unrest
radical press furthered politcal instablility
still largely constituional monarchy wanted
