factors affecting prejudice

Question 1

what is prejudice

Answer 1

an unjustified or false towards an individual solely based on their membership to a group
usually based on stereotypes

Question 2

what are the factors involved in prejudice?

Answer 2

personality

culture (situation)

Question 3

which theory is involved in personality?

Answer 3

social dominance theory

Question 4

what does social dominance orientation refer to?

Answer 4

the attitude of someone who views society as hierarchical with themselves in a position of authority

Question 5

what does the social domoince theory measure?

Answer 5

how much an individual accepts general culture and ideologies concerning equality

Question 6

what is high social dominance orientation?

Answer 6

strong desire for ignore to dominate also rejects policies aimed at equality

Question 7

what is low social dominance orientation?

Answer 7

believes that inequality is unjust
supports theories for social equality
less prejudice

Question 8

which SDO is less prejudice?

Answer 8

low SDO

Question 9

who created the theory of an authoritarian personality?

Answer 9

adorno et al

Question 10

what are the characteristics of someone with an authoritarian personality?

Answer 10

• hostile to people of an inferior status
• willing to please those of a higher status
• very rigid and do not tolerate ambiguity
• view minorities as them and higher groups as us

Question 11

how does adorno claim authoritarian personality is formed?

Answer 11

they have experienced harsh upbringings with strict and unaffectionate parents which has created frustration
project anger onto others

Question 12

why do authoritarians project anger onto others?

Answer 12

parents have taught them that this is what is done

they respect parents even though they have taken their anger out on them

Question 13

what does an authoritarian prejudice serve as?

Answer 13

a vital ego defense to protect themselves form unnacceptable parts of themselves

Question 14

why do authoritarians project unacceptable anger onto others?

Answer 14

to make groups feel threatened

Question 15

what is right winged authoritarian?

Answer 15

a strand of authoritarian personality which is said to predict prejudice

Question 16

what do right wing authoritarians like?

Answer 16

they like society to have rules as they have a rigid way of thinking and that people must stick to these rules

Question 17

those who don’t follow rules, what happens (RWA)?

Answer 17

they are punished by RWA through prejudice and discrimination

Question 18

why is adornos theory said to be incomplete

Answer 18

it cannot explain the rise and fall of prejudice in society, says that it is innate but cannot explain why the level changes
anti semitism grew in germany and then fell after the war

Question 19

why is any study on personality and prejudice reductionist

Answer 19

focuses soley on the individual and does not take into account situations
may need a trigger for their prejudice personality to come out

Question 20

what did rokeah say?

Answer 20

criticised the scale of authoritarianism in that there is no equivalent left wing A

Question 21

why mighty finidings for personality be invalid?

Answer 21

mostly based upon self report data

Question 22

who does culture create differences?

Answer 22

different cultures have different norms in which it may legitimise the practice of prejudice and make it acceptable

Question 23

what did katz and brady do?

Answer 23

did a questionnaire on american students

Question 24

what did katz and brady find?

Answer 24

found that majority classed african americans as ignorant and superstitious and jets as shrewd

Question 25

what did karlins et al do?

Answer 25

replicated katz and brady study and found that some national stereotypes had changed whilst others had stayed persistent

Question 26

what does katz and brady and karlins show?

Answer 26

that culture does affect prejudice and as culture changes so does the prejudices that they hold

Question 27

what did guillomond do?

Answer 27

investigated different cultural norms in different countries and looked at how these may affect levels of prejudice
looked at diversity policies in germany uk us and canada

Question 28

what did guillomond find?

Answer 28

canada had the lowest level of prejudice and germany the highest
found that germ nay had the weakest policies on multiculturalism showing that culture can affect prejudice

Question 29

what is the contact hypothesis and who was it made by?

Answer 29

alport
states that if groups are brought together of similar status and in a situation where they work towards a common goal then prejudice can be reduced, they learn about different groups

Question 30

what does contact hypothesis show about prejudice?

Answer 30

that by controlling the situation that prejudice can be reduced stating that prejudice is down to situation

Question 31

what did cooper and whitney find?

Answer 31

suggest that in examples of strong prejudice situations forces seem to dominate but when prejudice is less then personality dominates
(both involved)

Question 32

what did richards et al do?

Answer 32

analysed 322 studies and found that situation d personality were both involvd in order for prejudice to be created