factors affecting prejudice Flashcards
what is prejudice
an unjustified or false towards an individual solely based on their membership to a group
usually based on stereotypes
what are the factors involved in prejudice?
personality
culture (situation)
which theory is involved in personality?
social dominance theory
what does social dominance orientation refer to?
the attitude of someone who views society as hierarchical with themselves in a position of authority
what does the social domoince theory measure?
how much an individual accepts general culture and ideologies concerning equality
what is high social dominance orientation?
strong desire for ignore to dominate also rejects policies aimed at equality
what is low social dominance orientation?
believes that inequality is unjust
supports theories for social equality
less prejudice
which SDO is less prejudice?
low SDO
who created the theory of an authoritarian personality?
adorno et al
what are the characteristics of someone with an authoritarian personality?
- hostile to people of an inferior status
- willing to please those of a higher status
- very rigid and do not tolerate ambiguity
- view minorities as them and higher groups as us
how does adorno claim authoritarian personality is formed?
they have experienced harsh upbringings with strict and unaffectionate parents which has created frustration
project anger onto others
why do authoritarians project anger onto others?
parents have taught them that this is what is done
they respect parents even though they have taken their anger out on them
what does an authoritarian prejudice serve as?
a vital ego defense to protect themselves form unnacceptable parts of themselves
why do authoritarians project unacceptable anger onto others?
to make groups feel threatened
what is right winged authoritarian?
a strand of authoritarian personality which is said to predict prejudice
what do right wing authoritarians like?
they like society to have rules as they have a rigid way of thinking and that people must stick to these rules
those who don’t follow rules, what happens (RWA)?
they are punished by RWA through prejudice and discrimination
why is adornos theory said to be incomplete
it cannot explain the rise and fall of prejudice in society, says that it is innate but cannot explain why the level changes
anti semitism grew in germany and then fell after the war
why is any study on personality and prejudice reductionist
focuses soley on the individual and does not take into account situations
may need a trigger for their prejudice personality to come out
what did rokeah say?
criticised the scale of authoritarianism in that there is no equivalent left wing A
why mighty finidings for personality be invalid?
mostly based upon self report data
who does culture create differences?
different cultures have different norms in which it may legitimise the practice of prejudice and make it acceptable
what did katz and brady do?
did a questionnaire on american students
what did katz and brady find?
found that majority classed african americans as ignorant and superstitious and jets as shrewd
what did karlins et al do?
replicated katz and brady study and found that some national stereotypes had changed whilst others had stayed persistent
what does katz and brady and karlins show?
that culture does affect prejudice and as culture changes so does the prejudices that they hold
what did guillomond do?
investigated different cultural norms in different countries and looked at how these may affect levels of prejudice
looked at diversity policies in germany uk us and canada
what did guillomond find?
canada had the lowest level of prejudice and germany the highest
found that germ nay had the weakest policies on multiculturalism showing that culture can affect prejudice
what is the contact hypothesis and who was it made by?
alport
states that if groups are brought together of similar status and in a situation where they work towards a common goal then prejudice can be reduced, they learn about different groups
what does contact hypothesis show about prejudice?
that by controlling the situation that prejudice can be reduced stating that prejudice is down to situation
what did cooper and whitney find?
suggest that in examples of strong prejudice situations forces seem to dominate but when prejudice is less then personality dominates
(both involved)
what did richards et al do?
analysed 322 studies and found that situation d personality were both involvd in order for prejudice to be created
