factors affecting enzyme activity

Question 1

what 4 factors affect enzyme activity

Answer 1

1) temperature control
2) pH
3) enzyme concentration
4) substrate concentration

Question 2

how does change in temperature affect enzyme activity

Answer 2

1) rise in temperature causes the enzyme molecules to vibrate more
2) how ever if the temperature exceeds a certain level, then the vibrations BREAK the bonds that hold the enzyme together
3) active site changes shape and the substrate and enzyme no longer fit together
4) the enzyme is denatured

Question 3

temperature coefficient ( q10)

Answer 3

shows how much the rate of reaction changes when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees

                           rate at higher temp equation:     q10=    -------------------------
                            rate at lower temp

Question 4

how does pH affect enzyme activity

Answer 4

all enzymes have optimum ph( which they work best at)

above/below the optimum temperature- the H+ and OH- ions found in the acids and alkalis could break the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds that hold the enzymes tertiary structure together

this makes the active site change shape- so enzyme is denatured

Question 5

how does enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction

Answer 5

the more enzyme molecules there are the more likely that a substrate molecule will collide with one and form an ESC

However: if there are less substrates present then adding more enzyme molecules has no further effect

Question 6

how does substrate concentration affect the rate of reaction

Answer 6

as more substrates means enzymes and substrates are more like, so faster ROR.

however if there are too many substrate molecules then, all active sites are full so adding more substrates has no further effect

so over time rate of reaction decreases and the graph flattens out, if no other variable is changed

Question 7

for substrate concentration graphs,

what is the initial rate of reaction

Answer 7

Zero

also the INTIAL rate of reaction is the highest ROR