Factors

Question 1

Density dependent factors

Answer 1

Cause the end of the logistic growth curve

Two kinds intraspecific competition and inter-specific competition

Question 2

Intra-specific competition

Answer 2

Between members of the same population
Compete for resources water, nutrients, sunlight
Causes birthrate to decrease, or death rate to increase or both

Question 3

Inter-specific specific competition

Answer 3

Between two or more populations
Share similar habitat requirements
Competition can be accomplished by hormonal changes the altar behavior
Other density dependent factors predation and disease

Question 4

Populations at risk

Answer 4

Small population size equals interbreeding which causes loss of variation

Question 5

Minimal viable population

Answer 5

Smallest number of individuals that ensures the population can continue

Question 6

Allee effect

Answer 6

Small or low density populations tend to not survive due to low reproductive rates

Example. Passenger pigeons only lay one egg per nest

Question 7

Survivorship

Answer 7

Percentage of individuals in the population that typically live to a given Age

Question 8

Type one of survivorship

Answer 8

High juvenile survivor rates
Low mortality rate until after reproductive years
Example. Human and elephants

Question 9

Type two of survivorship

Answer 9

Constant likelihood of survival at any age
5050 chance

Example. Hydra and pigeons

Question 10

Type three of survivorship

Answer 10

Most die soon after hatching
Individuals who reach sexual maturity have great greatly reduce mortality
Example. Sea turtles

Question 11

Fecundity

Answer 11

Average number of young produced by female over her lifetime two types

R strategists
K strategists

Question 12

R strategists

Answer 12

Give birth all at once
Multiple offspring per event
Decrease care of young
Reach a large population size when conditions are good then suddenly it crashes
Occupy unstable environments example. Mice crabs bacteria

Question 13

K strategist

Answer 13

Several reproductive events
Typically one offspring prevent
Increase in care for young
Low fluctuation in population size
Occupy stable environments example. Humans elephants whales

Question 14

Predation

Answer 14

Positive for one negative for another

Example. Cheetah praying on Giselle

Question 15

Herbivore

Answer 15

Positive for one negative for another

Example. Cows grazing in the field

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

Positive for both organisms

Example. Shrimp and goby

Question 17

Parasitism

Answer 17

Positive for one negative for another

Example. Tapeworm in human

Question 18

Competition

Answer 18

Negative for both organisms

Example. Trees competing for light

Question 19

Commensalism

Answer 19

Positive for one organism neutral for the other

Example. Pearl fish in the sea cucumber bum

Question 20

Herbivory

Answer 20

Herbivores may have adaptations for locating our processing plants

Plants may have defense mechanisms example. Spikes
thorn
poisonous materials

Question 21

Gauzes competitive exclusion principal

Answer 21

If two species are competing for the same limited resource in the same place, then only one of those species will be able to use that resource more effectively and will eventually drive the second species out
Example. Paramecium

Question 22

Resource partitioning

Answer 22

Where several live in the same area but use different resources to survive

Question 23

Fundamental or theoretical niche

Answer 23

The niche that can be occupied in the absence of competition

Question 24

Realized or actual niche

Answer 24

The role actually taken under normal circumstances

Question 25

Examples of resource partitioning

Answer 25

Giraffe (tall branches)
Gerenuk (middle branches)
Rhinoceros (Low branches)
Dik dik (seeds twigs)

Question 26

Density independent factor

Answer 26

Affects populations regardless of their density

Example. natural disaster
human interference
weather