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Books > Factfulness - Hans Rosling > Flashcards

Factfulness - Hans Rosling Flashcards

1
Q

In all low-income countries, how many girls finish primary school?

A

60%

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2
Q

How much of the world lives in middle-income countries?

A

75%

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3
Q

What is the world life expectancy?

A

70 years

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4
Q

In the last 20 years, the proportion of individuals living in extreme poverty has _____________.

A

In the last 20 years, the proportion of individuals living in extreme poverty has halved.

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5
Q

How did the number of deaths per year from natural disasters change over the last 100 years?

A

Decreased to 25% of what it was (deaths per capita has dropped to 6% of what it was)

Most people that die from natural disasters are in the level 1 income bracket (Due to poor infrastructure, preparedness, and emergency response)

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6
Q

What percentage of the world’s 1-year-old children have been vaccinated against some disease?

A

88%

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7
Q

How many years has the average man spent in school? The average woman?

A

10 years

9 years

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8
Q

What percentage of people have some access to electricity?

A

80%

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9
Q

By 2100, the global population will have increased by _____________ to _____________.
This is due to an increase in which age group(s)?

A

4 billion

11 billion total

More adults aged 15 to 74

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10
Q

True/False.

The number of children in 2100 will be the same as the number of children today (2 billion).

A

True.

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11
Q

What is an easy and useful measurement for assessing the overall quality of a society (Access to food, proper sanitation, primary health care, clean water, literacy, etc.)?

A

Child mortality rate

(Measured in deaths before the age of 5 per 1000 children)

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12
Q

Are there any countries that have regressed in child mortality since 1960?

A

No, all have improved.

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13
Q

What percentage of the world lives in low-income countries?

A

9%

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14
Q

What percentage of the world lives in middle-income countries?

A

75%

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15
Q

What percentage of the world lives in high-income countries?

A

16%

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16
Q

True/False.

There is a bi-modal distribution of individuals between developing and developed countries.

A

False.

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17
Q

What are the breakdown of individuals in Hans Rosling’s four income levels?

A

Level 4 : 1 billion

Level 3 : 2 billion

Level 2 : 3 billion

Level 1 : 1 billion

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18
Q

What is Hans Rosling’s first income level?

A

Level 1 = < $2 / day
(1 billion people)
(< $730 / year)

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19
Q

What is Hans Rosling’s second income level?

A

Level 2 = < $8 / day
(3 billion people)
(< $2920 / year)

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20
Q

What is Hans Rosling’s third income level?

A

Level 3 = < $32 / day
(1 billion people)
(< $11680 / year)

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21
Q

What is Hans Rosling’s fourth income level?

A

Level 4 = >$32 / day
(1 billion people)
(> $11680 / year)

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22
Q

Describe level 1 (According to Hans Rosling).

A

Extreme poverty. Living on gruel. Fetching water in a bucket. No transportation. Cooking on a wood fire. Little to no schooling. Dire circumstances. 1 billion people mostly split between Asia and Africa.

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23
Q

Describe level 2 (According to Hans Rosling).

A

Above the extreme poverty line. Easier access to water with multiple buckets. Bike transportation. Gas stove for cooking. Unstable access to electricity. Some schooling. Unstable situation. 3 billion people.

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24
Q

Describe level 3 (According to Hans Rosling).

A

$9-32 per day. Cold water tap. Motorcycle transportation. Fridge and stove combination. Stable access to electricity. Schooling for the children. Stable income. 2 billion people.

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25
Q

Describe level 4 (According to Hans Rosling).

A

Greater than $32 per day. Hot and cold water available on demand. Auto transportation possible. Oven, stove, fridge, freezer combination possible. Some vacations via plane possible. More than 12 years of education generally. 1 billion people mostly in the Americas and Europe but also in Asia.

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26
Q

200 years ago, what percentage of the world was living in level 1? What is comparable to the manner by which the vast majority of people live today?

A

200 years ago, 85% were living in level 1.

Today, the majority of the world (85% in levels 2 and 3) lives a life comparable to Europe or North America in the 1950s.

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27
Q

What should I look for first when viewing a graph that appears to show a vast disparity between two groups?

A

First, check the scaling of the x and y-axis to see if it is logarithmic or if any portion of the axis has been left out to emphasize a disparity.

Then, look for the majority, not only the extremes.

Remember that from the top, it is easy to categorize every one below as poor, but that there is a wide spectrum of differences between those in income level 1 and income level 4.

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28
Q

What organization adopted Hans Rosling’s four income level hierarchy in 2016?

A

The World Bank

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29
Q

What are some of the big dangers we are facing? (It is important to recognize that we are improving in many ways but also deteriorating in others.)

A

Terrorism is on the rise.

Overfishing, pollution, and extinction.

Global warming: Sea levels will rise three feet over the next 100 years.

30
Q

What year was it that was the first time that 51% of the world was above the poverty line?

A

1966

31
Q

How many people lived in extreme poverty 20 years ago?

How many today?

A

29%

9%

32
Q

What was the average global life expectancy in 1800? What is it today?

A

30 years

72 years

33
Q

What have been a few of the major setbacks in life expectancy throughout the last 150 years?

A

1880 - Famines

1918 - Spanish influenza

1940s - WWII

1960 - Great Chinese Famine (Mao’s policies)

34
Q

True/False.

There are a few countries in the world with an average life expectancy of fewer than 50 years.

A

False.

No countries have an average life expectancy of fewer than 50 years.

35
Q

How many countries had legal slavery in 1800?

How many today (Out of 194)?

A

193

3

36
Q

What percent of children died before their 5th birthdays in 1800?

What percent today?

A

44%

4%

37
Q

What percent of children were involved in full-time child labor in 1950?

What percent today?

A

28%

10%

38
Q

What percentage of people were malnourished in 1970? What percentage today?

A

28%

11%

39
Q

What percentage of adults in the world are able to read and write?

A

86%

40
Q

What percentage of the world lives in a democracy today?

A

56%

41
Q

What percentage of boys and girls in the world are enrolled in primary school, respectively?

A

92%

90%

42
Q

How many people were there in 8000 BC?
When did the population reach 1 billion?
When did we reach 1.5 billion?
When did we reach 2 billion?
Where are we in 2018?
Where will we be in 2100?

A

<500 million
1800
1900
1930
7.4 billion
11 billion (But stable, just replacement fertility)

43
Q

Over the last 50 years, how has the average number of babies born per woman changed?

A

It has halved (5 down to 2.5)

44
Q

How do we curb population growth?

A

Eradicate extreme poverty

(Higher income societies produce less children)

45
Q

What is the average birth rate in level 1 income societies?

A

5 children per woman

46
Q

What is the average birth rate in level 2-4 income societies?

A

2 children per woman

47
Q

How significant are the direct effects of DDT on human health (regardless of its dramatic environmental impact)?

A

Mild effects.

Thus DDT can be useful in quick eradication of disease in certain situations (e.g. malaria in refugee camps)

48
Q

Is fear of terrorism in an income level 4 area a rational fear?

A

No, only 0.9% of all terroristic deaths from 2006 to 2017 occurred in income level 4 nations.

49
Q

How much has the terrorist threat increased in the world and in what income levels?

A

There has been a tripling from the 1997 - 2006 decade (50,000) to the 2006 - 2016 decade (150,000). 99.1% of these occurred in income levels 1 - 3.

50
Q

What percentage of global deaths are taken up by terrorism?

A

0.05%

51
Q

Data shows that half the increase in child survival in the world is due to what?

A

The increased ability of mothers to read and write.

52
Q

What are some direct methods to improve health in income levels 1 and 2?

A

Fund primary schools, nurse education, health workers, and vaccinations.

53
Q

How many billions of people live in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia, respectively?

A

1 - 1 - 1 - 4

54
Q

In 2100, how many billions of people are expected to live in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia, respectively?

A

1 - 1 - 4 - 5

55
Q

What percentage of infants died before their first birthday in 1950?

What percentage in 2017?

A

15%

3%

56
Q

Currently, 60% of level 4 income populations live in the West and 40% outside of it.

How will this have changed in 2040?

A

The number of wealthy people in the West will not have changed drastically, but the numbers will be reversed. 40% of all the world’s 4th income level population will be in the West and 60% in the rest.

57
Q

Should babies sleep on their backs or fronts to help prevent SIDS?

A

Their backs (supine)

58
Q

Is there a major difference between religious and non-religious individuals in regard to how many children (on average) are born per woman?

A

No

59
Q

What is the main indicator as to how many children a woman is likely to have in her lifetime?

A

Income level

(lower income levels generally produce more children)

60
Q

Where does the U.S. rank in terms of life expectancy in the world?

A

40 (Out of 194)

(U.S. citizens live on average three years less than their counterparts in other level 4 countries)

61
Q

How does U.S. healthcare spending per capita compare to other level 4 income countries?

A

The U.S. is #1 by far ($9,400 compared to an average of $3,600 per capita in other level 4 countries)

62
Q

What percentage of the U.S. GDP goes to healthcare spending every year?

A

17%

63
Q

How many people have access to a washing machine today?

A

2 billion

64
Q

Can we lay all the blame of ‘Big Pharma’ on corporate leaders?

A

No, there are many overlapping interests involved.

CEO < Board < Shareholders < Retirement funds etc.

65
Q

Were smugglers to blame for the drowning of 4,000+ refugees in the Mediterranean in 2015?

A

No, the 1949 Geneva Conventions guarantee refugees the ability to seek asylum in Europe. The refugees could pay the price of an airline ticket, but European countries demanded that (Inaccessible) visas be shown in order to buy the tickets (As a way to combat illegal immigration)..

So, excessive anti-illegal immigration measures in the West impeded refugees gaining asylum.

66
Q

How much of the carbon dioxide produced every year is produced by the richest billion?

A

50%

67
Q

How many people died in the Spanish Flu of 1918?

A

50 million

(Life expectancy dropped from 33 to 23)

68
Q

What are some of the biggest global threats we are currently facing (According to Hans Rosling)?

A

Global pandemic, climate change, world war, extreme poverty, and financial collapse

69
Q

What is the most likely pathogenic culprit for a new global pandemic?

A

A flu strain

70
Q

How do we prevent WWIII?

A

Strengthen international ties (Olympic games, world trade, educational exchange programs, free internet, diplomacy, etc.)

71
Q

How can a lack of factfulness be remedied in education?

A

Especially in medicine, a basic, up-to-date framework as to the state of the world needs to be implemented so physicians and other professionals know what kind of situation and social determinants surround their patients..

History needs to be taught so that students can understand the progress and changes that have been made.

72
Q

What is a quick, easy method to learn more about diverse, international communities we may be serving?

A

Dollarstreet.org

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