Facial Growth 2

Question 1

what are the 2 primary cartilages of the face

Answer 1

meckels cartilage - mandible
nasal capsule - upper face

Question 2

in comparison to the adult face, describe some features of the infant face

Answer 2

large eyes
low set ears
forehead more upright and bulbous
short mid face

Question 3

suture

Answer 3

specialised fibrous joints between intramembranous bone
each suture is a band of connective tissue with osteogenic cells in the centre. the most peripheral of these cells allow for new bone growth

Question 4

synchondroses

Answer 4

cartilaginous joint where bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage
exist between ethmoid, sphenoid and occipital bones

Question 5

how does growth occur at synchondroses

Answer 5

synchondroses = cartilaginous joint
cartilaginous growth centre present between bones in joint where growth occurs in both directions. Bones on either side of synchondroses are moved apart as growth takes place. New cartilage formed in centre of synchondrosis and periphery is transformed to bone

Question 6

What are the 3 sites of facial growth

Answer 6

sutures
synchondroses
surface deposition

Question 7

surface deposition

Answer 7

new bone deposited beneath periosteum (membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around bones) over the surface of bones
in order to maintain shape, resorption also occurs (remodelling)

Question 8

what is change in a position of a bone due to remodelling known as

Answer 8

drift

Question 9

what bones make up the cranial vault

Answer 9

frontal , parietal , temporal and occipital bones

Question 10

what 2 ways does growth occur in the cranial vault

Answer 10

surface deposition
bone growth at sutures

Question 11

what 2 ways does growth of the cranial base occur

Answer 11

synchondroses
surface deposition

Question 12

by what 2 ways does the mandible grow

Answer 12

at condylar cartilage
surface deposition

Question 13

how much do the mandible and maxilla increase in size between ages 4 and 20

Answer 13

mandible , 26mm males, 20mm females
maxilla , 8mm males, 5.5mm females

Question 14

when does growth of the maxilla occur

Answer 14

after age 7 growth is very slow and by age 12 growth has slowed to adult level

Question 15

when does growth of the mandible occur

Answer 15

growth is significantly accelerated during pubertal growth spurt, slows to adult level at 17 in females and 19 in males

Question 16

how much earlier is girls pubertal growth spurt than boys, generally

Answer 16

2 years

Question 17

when is the best time for treatment aimed at influencing mandible or maxilla growth

Answer 17

maxilla - prior to pubertal growth spurt, under 12 years old
mandible - during pubertal growth spurt