Facial Bones

Question 1

What are the projections for facial bones?

Answer 1

-Lateral
-Parietoacanthial (Water’s Method)
-Caldwell (PA)

Question 2

What size film is used for lateral facial bones?

Answer 2

8 x 10 lengthwise

Question 3

How is the patient positioned for a lateral facial bones?

Answer 3

-Semiprone position or seated obliquely before a vertical grid device
-Patient in a comfortable position (arms in comfortable position and adjust shoulders to lie in the same transverse plane)

Question 4

How is the position of the part for a lateral facial bone?

Answer 4

-Interpupillary line perpendicular to the film
-Adjust the flexion of the patient’s neck so that the OML is equal with the transverse axis of the film
-Place the radiolucent pad under the side of the mandible to prevent rotation
-Immobilize head

Question 5

What are the breathing instructions for lateral facial bones?

Answer 5

suspended respiration

Question 6

Where is the CR for a lateral facial bones?

Answer 6

perpendicular to the midpoint of the film entering the lateral surface of the zygoma

Question 7

What structures are shown in a lateral facial bones?

Answer 7

lateral image of the bones of the face is demonstrated, with the right and left sides superimposed

Question 8

What is the evaluation criteria for lateral facial bones?

Answer 8

-All facial bones in their entirety with the zygoma in the center
-Almost perfectly superimposed mandibular rami
-Superimposed orbital roofs
-No rotation of sella turcica

Question 9

What film size is used for a Parietoacanthial (Water’s) for facial bones?

Answer 9

8 x 10 lengthwise

Question 10

What is the position of the patient for a Parietoacanthial (Water’s) for facial bones?

Answer 10

-Prone or seated upright position
-Place patient in comfortable position

Question 11

What is the position of the part for a Parietoacanthial (Water’s) for facial bones?

Answer 11

-Center the median sagittal plane of the patient’s head to the midline of the grid; and rest it on the tip of the extended chin
-The average patient’s nose will be 3/4 in away from the grid device
-Extend the neck so that the OML forms a 37 degree angle with the plane of the film
-The Mentomeatal line will be approx. perpendicular to the film plane
-Adjust the head so the median sagittal plane is perpendicular to the plane of the plane
-Immobilize the head

Question 12

What are the breathing instructions of a Parietoacanthial (Water’s) of the facial bones?

Answer 12

suspended respiration

Question 13

Where is the CR for a Parietoacanthial (Water’s) for facial bones?

Answer 13

perpendicular to exit the acanthion

Question 14

What structures are shown in a Parietoacanthial (Water’s) for a facial bone?

Answer 14

Orbits, maxillae & zygomatic arches

Question 15

What is the evaluation criteria for a Parietoacanthial (Water’s) for facial bones?

Answer 15

-Equal distance between lateral border of the skull and orbit on each side
-Petrous ridges should be seen just below maxillary sinuses
-Orbits, zygomatic bones and maxilla should be well demonstrated
-If not enough extension of neck, petrous ridges will superimpose lower maxillary sinuses
-If too much extension of neck, petrous ridges will be seen considerably below the maxillary sinuses

Question 16

What film size is used for Caldwell (PA) for facial bones?

Answer 16

8 x 10 lengthwise

Question 17

What is the position of the patient for Caldwell (PA) for facial bones?

Answer 17

Erect, seated or prone on table

Question 18

What is the position of the part for Caldwell (PA) for facial bones?

Answer 18

-Place patient’s forehead and nose on table or grid device
-Align midsagittal plane perpendicular to plane of film and in midline of table or grid device
-Adjust head to place OML perpendicular to plane of film

Question 19

Where is the CR for Caldwell (PA) for facial bones?

Answer 19

-15-degrees caudad to exit the nasion

Question 20

What are the breathing instructions for Caldwell (PA) for facial bones?

Answer 20

suspend respiration for exposure

Question 21

What is the evaluation criteria for Caldwell (PA) for facial bones?

Answer 21

-Frontal sinuses and frontal bone should be well demonstrated
-Petrous bones should fill lower one third of orbits
-Distance from lateral orbital margin to lateral margin of skull should be equal on both sides
-Anterior ethmoidal air cells should be seen
-Superior orbital fissures should be visualized