Face, Temporal and and infratemporal fossa Flashcards
Learn about the face, temporal and infraorbital foramen.
Describe the face.
The face is the anterior part of the head and provides identity as a human being.
What are some important roles of the face?
Communication with others and our interaction with the environment.
What forms the shape of the face?
The underlying bones.
Name some bones of the face and what features they underlie
Frontal bone - forehead Zygomatic bone - cheekbones Maxillary bone - cheek Mandible - jaw Mandibular process - chin
What do the muscles of facial expression do?
They close the eye and mouth and convey mood.
Which muscle elevates the eyebrows?
Occipitofrontalis
What does orbicularis oculi do?
Closes eyelids
Which muscle closes the mouth?
Orbicularis oris
Which muscle elevates labial commissure?
Zygomaticus major
What does the Platysma do?
It depresses the mandible against resistance, and tenses the fascia of the neck
What does the buccinator do?
Compresses the cheek
What is the supply of cutaneous innervation?
The trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What does the facial nerve (CN VII) supply?
All muscles of facial expression
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerves?
Opthalmic nerve (V1) Maxillary nerve (V2) Mandibular nerve (V3)
What is the name of cranial nerve 7 and what type of innervation does it supply?
Facial nerve. Sensory, tase, general, motor and visceral motor
Where does cranial nerve 7 exit?
Internal acoustic meatus
Facial canal
Stylomastoid foramen
What are the motor branches of cranial nerve 7? (Hint: there are six)
Posterior auricular Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical
Where does the parasympathetic part of CN VII branch to?
It branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion
What does the pterygopalatine ganglion do?
The pterygopalatine ganglion goes to the nasal passage and helps to regulate bloodflow to the nasal conchae
How does cranial nerve 7 supply taste information?
via the chorda tymphani via the lingual nerve
Which part of the tongue does the lingual nerve supply sensory innervation to?
The anterior two thirds of the tongue
Where does cranial nerve 7 supply general sensory innervation over?
The skin over the external auditory meatus
What are the three salivary glands in the head which aid digestion
called?
Parotid, submandibular and sublingual
Which salivary gland is the largest?
The parotid gland
Describe the location of the parotid gland
Superficial to muscles
Where does the parotid duct leave the parotid gland and where does it go to?
the parotid duct leaves the gland at the anterior edge, passing towards the corner of the mouth but turning deep through the buccinator
Where does the parotid duct open?
The parotid duct opens into the oral cavity at the upper second molar tooth
Which structures run through the parotid gland?
The retromandibular vein
The external carotid artery
The facial nerve
Which muscles are responsible for mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
What does the temporalis do?
elevation and retraction
what does the masseter do?
Elevation- from angle of jaw to the zygomatic arch, and responsible for closing jaw
What does the medial pterygoid do?
Elevation, side to side movements
What does the lateral pterygoid do?
Protrusion and depression
Where is the nerve supply for the muscles of mastication from?
The motor branch of V3
What type of innervation does cranial nerve 5 supply?
general sensory and somatic motor to derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch
Name the first division of cranial nerve V (V1) and state its exit
Opthalmic; superior orbital fissure
Name the second division of cranial nerve V (V2) and state its exit
Maxillary; foramen rotundum
Name the third division of cranial nerve V and state its exit
Mandibular, foramen ovale
What type of nervous supply does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve provide?
Sensory fibres in the skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, front of head and nose
What branches does V1 form?
lacrimal
nasocillary
frontal
Where does V1 exit
Superior orbital fissure
What type of supply does V2 provide?
Sensory fibres in the dura, nasal, upper cheek, lip, teeth
Describe the path that the maxillary nerve (V2) takes
Enters the pterygopalatine fossa, gives off branches to the pteryggopalatine ganglion, then through the inferior orbital fissure
Where does the maxillary nerve exit the skull?
Foramen rotundum
What branches are formed from the maxillary nerve?
infraorbital, zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal
What kind of nerve supply does the mandibular nerve provide?
Mixed, both sensory and motor. sensory to the lower face, lip, teeth. Motor to muscles of mastication
Where does the mandibular nerve provide motor supply to?
The muscles of mastication
Where does the mandibular nerve exit the skull?
The foramen ovale
Name the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve
Auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, inferior alveolar
Name the motor branches of the mandibular nerve
Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohoid
Where does V3 supply parasympethic innervation to?
The salivary glands
What is the temporal fossa?
A fan shaped space that is located on the lateral surface of the skull
What does the temporal fossa contain?
the temporalis muscle and branches of V2
Describe the location of the infratemporal fossa.
It is inferior to the temporal fossa
What does the infratemporal fossa contain?
Medial and lateral pterygoids maxillary artery V3 branches of the facial nerve glossopharyngeal nerve pterygoid plexus of veins
