Face, Scalp, & Lymphatics Flashcards
Scalp Layering
SCALP
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
Connective tissue layer
-Contains vessels from supraorbital, supratrochlear, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital aa.,
-Contains nerves from V1, V2, V3 (from trigeminal n.) anterior and posterior rami nn.
Aponeurotic layer
Contains frontal belly of occipitofrontalis and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Held by epicranial aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
-“Danger Space” of scalp
-Infections can spread from the loose CT to the meninges by way of the emissary veins
-Emissary veins pass through the calvaria into the cranial cavity
Pericranium
Fibrous layer different above the skull
Muscles of the Scalp & Ears
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Anterior auricular m.
Superior auricular m.
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Posterior auricular m.
Frontal belly
Occipital belly
Muscles of the Facial Expression
Inn: CN VII (facial n.)
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis m.
Orbicularis oculi m.- orbital part and palpebral part
Zygomaticus major m.
Zygomaticus minor m.
Levator labii superioris m.
Depressor anguli oris m.
Buccinator m.
Orbicularis oris m.
Depresor labii inferioris m.
Platysma m.
Eye region
Inn: facial nerve (CN VII)
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis m. - raises eyebrow, wrinkles forehead, protracts scalp (surprise)
Orbicularis oculi m. - closes eye: palpebral part gently, orbital part tightly (winking)
Corrugator supercilii m.- draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above nose (demo: concern or worry as in frowning)
Nasal Region
Inn: Facial n. (CN VII)
Procerus m.- wrinkles bridge of nose (convey distain or dislike)
Nasalis m.- compresses & dilates nostril
Levator labii superioris alaque nasi m.- dilates nostril
Oral Region
Inn: facial n. (CN VII)
Orbicularis Oris m.- closes mouth (kissing/blowing air)
Zygomaticus major/minor mm.- draws mouth up
Depressor anguli oris m.- depresses angle of mouth (frown/sadness)
Buccinator m.- compresses cheek & assists with mastication
Platysma m.- depresses mandible and tenses skin (stress)
Muscles of Mastication
Temporalis m. and Masseter m.
Inn: Mandibular division of trigeminal n. (CN V3)
Action: elevate mandible/ close jaw
Sensory Innervation of Scalp & Face
Trigeminal n. (CN V): face & anterior scalp
Cervical nn. (C2, C3): jaw, ears, posterior scalp
Motor Innervation of Scalp & Face
Facial n. (CN VII)
-Muscles of facial expression
Mandibular division of trigeminal n. (CN V3)-
- Muscles of mastication
Sensory Innervation: V1
Opthalmic n. V1
Branches off trigeminal n., provides cutaneous innervation from nose to half on top of head
Branches: supra-orbital n., supratorchlear n., lacrimal n., infratrochlear n., external nasal n.
Sensory Innervation: V2
Maxillary n. V2
Branches off trigeminal n., provides cutaneous innervation from sides of head to cheek bone area
Branches: zygomaticotemporal n., zygomaticofacial n., infra-orbital n.
Sensory Innervation: V3
Mandibular n. V3
Branches off trigeminal n., provides cutaneous innervation to the “chin strap” region
Branches: buccal n., mental n., inferior alveolar n., lingual n.. auriculotemporal n.
Motor Innervation CN VII
“People to Zanzibar by Motor Car”
6 branches off facial n.
Posterior auricular n.
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
**Inn. all muscles of facial expression
Parotid Duct
Pierces the buccinator and enters near the 2nd maxillary molar tooth
-Runs with Buccal branch of CN VII
Clinical Correlation- Bell’s Palsy
Irritation/damage/trauma to the facial nerve causing ipsilateral facial paralysis
-Something that is inflaming or enlarging parotid gland –> impacting facial nerve –> causes dropping of face on affected side
Buccal Fat pad
Gives “puff check” look
-Eating disorder- used reserves of buccal fat pad
-Can have it removed for cosmetic purposes
Buccinator Muscle
Two buccal nn. related to buccinator m.
Buccal branch of Facial n.- located lateral to masseter m.
-CN VII: motor to Buccinator m.
Buccal branch of trigeminal n. (long buccal n.)
-CN v3: sensory to Buccal mucosa & skin of cheek
NOTE: V3 only pierces buccinator m. it does not supply it
External Carotid Artery Branches
-Angular a. comes from facial a. from the anterior external carotid a.
-Transverse facial a. comes either from the external carotid a. prior to the bifurcation of superficial temporal a. or maxillary, or superficial temporal a.
Lateral Face: IJV & EJV Branches
-Retromandibular v. formed by superficial temporal and maxillary vv.
-Retromandibular v. divides into anterior and posterior branches
–>anterior joins with facial v.
–>posterior auricular v. to form EJV
-Facial vv. are valveless and are the primary superficial drainage of the face
–>Deep facial v. is a tributary, drains pterygoid venous plexus
-Facial v. drains into anterior branch of retromandibular v.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Face
Drains down to pericervical region
All will end up in deep pathway
Lymph drainage of the neck
Lymphatics will follow the veins, from superficial regions, goes deep to internal jugular vein drain itself into thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis m. action
raises eyebrow, wrinkles forehead, protracts scalp (surprise)
Orbicularis oculi m. action
closes eye, palpebral part gently, orbital part tightly (winking)
Corrugator supercilii m. action
draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above nose (demo: concern or worry as in frowning)
Procerus m. action
wrinkle bridge of nose (convey disdain or dislike)
Nasalis m. action
Compresses & dilates nostril
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m. action
dilates nostril
Orbicularis oris m. action
closes mouth (kissing/blowing air)
Zygomaticus major/minor mm. action
draws mouth up
Buccinator m. action
compresses cheek & assists with mastication
Platysma m. action
depress mandible and tenses skin (stress)
Temporalis m. action
elevate mandible/close jaw
Masseter m. action
elevate mandible/close jaw
