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Anatomy Head and Neck > Face, Scalp, & Lymphatics > Flashcards

Face, Scalp, & Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Scalp Layering

A

SCALP
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

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2
Q

Connective tissue layer

A

-Contains vessels from supraorbital, supratrochlear, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital aa.,
-Contains nerves from V1, V2, V3 (from trigeminal n.) anterior and posterior rami nn.

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3
Q

Aponeurotic layer

A

Contains frontal belly of occipitofrontalis and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Held by epicranial aponeurosis

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4
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

-“Danger Space” of scalp
-Infections can spread from the loose CT to the meninges by way of the emissary veins
-Emissary veins pass through the calvaria into the cranial cavity

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5
Q

Pericranium

A

Fibrous layer different above the skull

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6
Q

Muscles of the Scalp & Ears

A

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Anterior auricular m.
Superior auricular m.
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Posterior auricular m.
Frontal belly
Occipital belly

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7
Q

Muscles of the Facial Expression

A

Inn: CN VII (facial n.)
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis m.
Orbicularis oculi m.- orbital part and palpebral part
Zygomaticus major m.
Zygomaticus minor m.
Levator labii superioris m.
Depressor anguli oris m.
Buccinator m.
Orbicularis oris m.
Depresor labii inferioris m.
Platysma m.

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8
Q

Eye region

A

Inn: facial nerve (CN VII)
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis m. - raises eyebrow, wrinkles forehead, protracts scalp (surprise)
Orbicularis oculi m. - closes eye: palpebral part gently, orbital part tightly (winking)
Corrugator supercilii m.- draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above nose (demo: concern or worry as in frowning)

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9
Q

Nasal Region

A

Inn: Facial n. (CN VII)
Procerus m.- wrinkles bridge of nose (convey distain or dislike)
Nasalis m.- compresses & dilates nostril
Levator labii superioris alaque nasi m.- dilates nostril

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10
Q

Oral Region

A

Inn: facial n. (CN VII)
Orbicularis Oris m.- closes mouth (kissing/blowing air)
Zygomaticus major/minor mm.- draws mouth up
Depressor anguli oris m.- depresses angle of mouth (frown/sadness)
Buccinator m.- compresses cheek & assists with mastication
Platysma m.- depresses mandible and tenses skin (stress)

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11
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Temporalis m. and Masseter m.
Inn: Mandibular division of trigeminal n. (CN V3)
Action: elevate mandible/ close jaw

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12
Q

Sensory Innervation of Scalp & Face

A

Trigeminal n. (CN V): face & anterior scalp
Cervical nn. (C2, C3): jaw, ears, posterior scalp

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13
Q

Motor Innervation of Scalp & Face

A

Facial n. (CN VII)
-Muscles of facial expression
Mandibular division of trigeminal n. (CN V3)-
- Muscles of mastication

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14
Q

Sensory Innervation: V1

A

Opthalmic n. V1
Branches off trigeminal n., provides cutaneous innervation from nose to half on top of head
Branches: supra-orbital n., supratorchlear n., lacrimal n., infratrochlear n., external nasal n.

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15
Q

Sensory Innervation: V2

A

Maxillary n. V2
Branches off trigeminal n., provides cutaneous innervation from sides of head to cheek bone area
Branches: zygomaticotemporal n., zygomaticofacial n., infra-orbital n.

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16
Q

Sensory Innervation: V3

A

Mandibular n. V3
Branches off trigeminal n., provides cutaneous innervation to the “chin strap” region
Branches: buccal n., mental n., inferior alveolar n., lingual n.. auriculotemporal n.

17
Q

Motor Innervation CN VII

A

“People to Zanzibar by Motor Car”
6 branches off facial n.
Posterior auricular n.
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
**Inn. all muscles of facial expression

18
Q

Parotid Duct

A

Pierces the buccinator and enters near the 2nd maxillary molar tooth
-Runs with Buccal branch of CN VII

19
Q

Clinical Correlation- Bell’s Palsy

A

Irritation/damage/trauma to the facial nerve causing ipsilateral facial paralysis
-Something that is inflaming or enlarging parotid gland –> impacting facial nerve –> causes dropping of face on affected side

20
Q

Buccal Fat pad

A

Gives “puff check” look
-Eating disorder- used reserves of buccal fat pad
-Can have it removed for cosmetic purposes

21
Q

Buccinator Muscle

A

Two buccal nn. related to buccinator m.

Buccal branch of Facial n.- located lateral to masseter m.
-CN VII: motor to Buccinator m.

Buccal branch of trigeminal n. (long buccal n.)
-CN v3: sensory to Buccal mucosa & skin of cheek
NOTE: V3 only pierces buccinator m. it does not supply it

22
Q

External Carotid Artery Branches

A

-Angular a. comes from facial a. from the anterior external carotid a.
-Transverse facial a. comes either from the external carotid a. prior to the bifurcation of superficial temporal a. or maxillary, or superficial temporal a.

23
Q

Lateral Face: IJV & EJV Branches

A

-Retromandibular v. formed by superficial temporal and maxillary vv.
-Retromandibular v. divides into anterior and posterior branches
–>anterior joins with facial v.
–>posterior auricular v. to form EJV
-Facial vv. are valveless and are the primary superficial drainage of the face
–>Deep facial v. is a tributary, drains pterygoid venous plexus
-Facial v. drains into anterior branch of retromandibular v.

24
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of the Face

A

Drains down to pericervical region
All will end up in deep pathway

25
Q

Lymph drainage of the neck

A

Lymphatics will follow the veins, from superficial regions, goes deep to internal jugular vein drain itself into thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

26
Q

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis m. action

A

raises eyebrow, wrinkles forehead, protracts scalp (surprise)

27
Q

Orbicularis oculi m. action

A

closes eye, palpebral part gently, orbital part tightly (winking)

28
Q

Corrugator supercilii m. action

A

draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above nose (demo: concern or worry as in frowning)

29
Q

Procerus m. action

A

wrinkle bridge of nose (convey disdain or dislike)

30
Q

Nasalis m. action

A

Compresses & dilates nostril

31
Q

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m. action

A

dilates nostril

32
Q

Orbicularis oris m. action

A

closes mouth (kissing/blowing air)

33
Q

Zygomaticus major/minor mm. action

A

draws mouth up

34
Q

Buccinator m. action

A

compresses cheek & assists with mastication

35
Q

Platysma m. action

A

depress mandible and tenses skin (stress)

36
Q

Temporalis m. action

A

elevate mandible/close jaw

37
Q

Masseter m. action

A

elevate mandible/close jaw

Anatomy Head and Neck (7 decks)

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