Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Rapid Reference - Dermatology > Face, Scalp and Neck > Flashcards

Face, Scalp and Neck Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is acne

A

a common condition that affects nearly all adolescents and has an equal sex incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does acne arise

A

chronic inflammation and blockage of the pilosebaceous units with an increased production of sum and colonisation of the ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the clinical features of acne

A 
comedones
papules 
pustules
cysts 
scars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where on the body does acne arise

A

face
shoulders
back
upper chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can acne be confused with

A

rosacea

folliculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some first line treatments for acne

A

Benzoyl peroxide cream or gel
Isotretinoin
Antibiotics (clindamycin) for moderate to sever acne
Topical agents: azalea acid and adapalene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first line systemic antibiotic for acne

A

tetracycline 500mg BD for 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When should a patient with acne be referred to a dermatologist

A

Non-response to topical or antibiotic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Rosacea

A

A chronic inflammatory facial dermatosis characterised by erythema and pustules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what age is rosacea commonest

A

middle age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the earliest symptom of rosacea

A

Flushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can exacerbate rosacea

A

sunlight and topical steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main difference between acne and rosacea

A

rosacea lacks the comedones of acne and occurs in an older age group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the first line treatment for rosacea

A

Topical metronidazole gel or cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

a chronic inflammatory eruption of the face and scalp seen in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does seborrhoeic dermatitis arise

A

yeast pityrosporum ovale that colonises the scalp induces an inflammatory response in some people that manifests as a dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where on the body does seborrhoeic dermatitis usually occur

A 
sides of the nose
forehead
eyebrow
eyelashes 
moustache area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

steroid or antimicrobial cream

medicated shampoo if on the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is polymorphic light eruption (PLE) characterised by

A

itchy papules, plaques and sometimes vesicles in light exposed areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What sex is affected more commonly by PLE

A

women (2x more)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What drugs can cause photosensitivity

A 
ACE inhibitors 
NSAIDs
phenothiazines 
ciprofloxacin 
tetracyclines
thiazides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is impetigo

A

a common superficial skin infection due either to staph or strep or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the clinical features of impetigo

A

Thin walled-easily ruptured vesicles, often on the face which leaves areas of yellow0crusted exudates
Bullous form, with blisters 1-2cm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can impetigo be confused with

A

herpes simplex or a fungal infection

25
Q

How is impetigo treated

A

removal of crusts with saline soaks
application of topical antibiotic (mupirocin or fusidic acid)
Systemic: oral flucloxacillin for widespread infection

26
Q

What can strep progenies impetigo result in

A

glomerulonephritis

27
Q

What is erysipelas

A

An acute infection of the dermis by Strep progenies

28
Q

What are the clinical features of erysipelas

A

Fever, malaise

well-demarcated erythema, oedema and tenderness usually affecting the face, over leg

29
Q

What is the treatment for erysipelas

A

In patient treatment!

systemic penicillin

30
Q

When should erysipelas be referred

A

it is a medical emergency so urgently!

31
Q

What is herpes simplex

A

A very common, acute self-limiting vesicular eruption due to infection with Herpesvirus hominid

32
Q

How is herpes simplex spread

A

direct contact

33
Q

What are the clinical features of herpes simplex

A

acute vulvovaginitis
penile or perianal lesions
Small blisters usually on lips, face or genitals are recurrent lesions
Crusts form within 24-48 hours and fade after 1 week

34
Q

What is the treatment for herpes simplex

A

may not need any
topical acyclovir cream reduces the length of the attack
oral acyclovir may be needed for more severe attacks
IV acyclovir for immunosuppressed

35
Q

What is androgenetic alopecia

A

age related and genetically determined condition with loss of hair

36
Q

What are the clinical features of androgenetic alopecia

A

Hair loss from the temples and vertex of the scale

women- more diffuse age -related hair loss

37
Q

What is the treatment for androgenetic alopecia

A

Most none is required, but if indicated, topical minoxidil

Iron supplementation can be beneficial if serum ferritin is low

38
Q

What is alopecia areata (AA)

A

An autoimmune condition

39
Q

What are the clinical features of AA

A

Circumscribed loss of scalp, beard or eyebrow hair

Characteristic exclamation mark hairs

40
Q

What is hirsutism

A

A male pattern growth of terminal hair in female

PCOS is a fairly common cause

41
Q

What are the clinical features of hirsutism

A

Male pattern facial hair and pubic hair growth that is no longer flat-topped but extends up to the umbilicus

42
Q

What is an epidermal cyst

A

keratin filled cyst derived from the epidermis

usually seen on the scalp, face or trunk

43
Q

What are the clinical features of an epidermal cyst

A

firm, skin coloured, mobile and normally 1-3cm in diameter

44
Q

What is the curative treatment for an epidermal cyst

A

excision

45
Q

What is actinic keratosis

A

single or multiple discrete scaly hyperkeratotic rough-surfaced areas usually less than 1cm in diameter

46
Q

What does photo damaged skin show on histology

A

connective tissue damage

47
Q

What are the clinical features of actinic keratoses

A

on sun-exposed sites and those with far skin

48
Q

What can actinic keratoses progress into

A

squamous cell carcinoma

49
Q

What can sometimes develop into actinic keratoses

A

a cutaneous horn

50
Q

What is the treatment for actinic keratosis

A

cryosurgery

51
Q

Describe the appearance of photo damaged skin

A

coarse
wrinkled
telangiectatic
irregularly pigmented and prone to benign and malignant neoplasms

52
Q

What is the commonest form of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

53
Q

What do basal cell carcinomas arise from

A

basal keratinocytes of the epidermis

54
Q

Where are common sites for basal cell carcinomas

A

around the nose
inner cants of the eyelids
temple

55
Q

What is the treatment for most basal cell carcinomas

A

complete excision with an adequate margin of normal tissue

56
Q

What are squamous cell carcinomas derived from

A

keratinocytes

57
Q

What are the clinical features of a squamous cell carcinoma

A

may start within an actinic keratosis as a small papule that may progress to ulcerate and form a crust
Develops as a dome shaped nodule

58
Q

How might squamous cells be treated in the elderly

A

radiotherapy

59
Q

Do all squamous cell carcinomas metastasise

A

No - hardly any do

Rapid Reference - Dermatology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions