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S1B4: Anatomy > Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the indicated regions of the head

A
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2
Q

What is the name of lines for skin tension?

A

Langer lines

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3
Q

Identify the indicated surface facial features

A
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4
Q

Are individual facial muscles responsible for individual facial expression?

A

No, facial muscles work together to create specific expressions. They blend and overalp with each other.

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5
Q

What is the name of the fibers that attach facial muscles to skin?

A

retinacula

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6
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Occipitofrontalis

Frontal belly

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • epicranial aponeurosis
    • Insertion
      • skin of forehead adn eyebrows
  • Innervation
    • Nerve:
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • elevates eyebrows

Occipital Belly

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • superior nuchal line
    • Insertion
      • epicranial aponeurosis
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial nerve (CNVII)
  • Function:
    • retract scalp
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7
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation ?

Function?

A

Corrugator Supercilii (paired)

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • medial end of superciliary arch
    • Insertion
      • Skin under medial eyebrow
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function:
    • drawy eyebrows medially and inferiorly
    • creates vertical lines on meidal eyebrows
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8
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Procerus

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • nasal bone on lateral nasal cartiledge
    • Insertion
      • skin on lower forehead between eyebrows
  • Innervatoin
    • Nerve
      • Facial nerve (CNVII)
  • Function:
    • Pull medial angle of eyebrows inferiorly
    • produces transverse lines over glabella (between eyebrows)
      *
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9
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Orbicularis Oculi

  • Attachment
    • Orbital part​
      • Origin: medial orbital margin
      • Insertion: skin around margin of orbit
    • Palpebral part
      • Origin: medial palpabral ligament
      • Insertion: superior and inferior tarsal plates (upper and lower eyelid)
    • Lacrimal part
      • Origin: lacrimal bone
      • Insertion: posterior to lacrimal sac
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • close the eye
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10
Q

What is the name of the merging point for many of the oral muscles at the corner of the mouth?

A

modiolus

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11
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Obicularis Oris

  • Attachment
    • Origin:
      • medial maxilla and mandible
      • deep surface of perioral skin
      • angle of mouth (modeolus)
    • Insertion
      • mucous membrane of the lips
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • encircles mouth and controls entry and exit through oral fissure
    • Important for speech
    • resist teeth from protruding out
    • first sphincter of the digestive system
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12
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Buccinator

  • Attachment
    • origin:
      • alveolar process of maxilla and mandible
      • pterygomandiblular raphe
    • Insertion
      • angle of the mouth – mixes with fibers of the obicularis oris
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (VII)
  • Function
    • presses cheek agains molar teeth (cheek taught)
    • works with tongue to keep food where it shoudl be
    • Resists distension (blowing a trumpet)
    • smiling
    • sucking
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13
Q

What is the structure that give infants their big cheeks? What is its function?

A

buccal fat pad

prevents collapse of cheeks during sucking

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14
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A
  • Zygomaticus Major
  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • Zygomatic bone (slightly postior to minor)
    • Insertion
      • skin of mouth (modeolus)
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • pull corner of mouth superiorly and laterally (bilateral = smile)
      *
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15
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Zygomaticus Minor

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • Zygomatic bone (slightly anterior to major)
    • Insertion
      • upper lip (medial to corner of mouth)
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • pull upper lip superiorly
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16
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Risorius

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • parotid and massenteric fascia
      • buccal skin
    • Insertion
      • angle of the mouth
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • pull corner of mouth more lateral
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17
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Levator Labii Superior

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • infraorbital margin
    • Insertion
      • skin upper lip
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • elevate upper lip (deepen nasal labial sulcus)
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18
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Depressor Labii Inferior

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • platysma and anterior body on mandible
    • Insertion
      • skin lower lip
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (VII)
  • Function
    • pull lowe lip inferiorly
    • active during big smile to open oral fissure
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19
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Depressor Anguli Oris

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • anterlateral base of mandible
    • Insertion
      • skin of the corner of the mouth
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Factial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • pull angle of mouth inferiorly (bilateral = frown)
20
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Levator Anguli Oris

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • maxilla below infraorbital foramen
    • Insertin
      • skin of corner of mouth (modelus)
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • raise the angle of the mouth
21
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Mentalis (deep to depressor labii inferior)

  • Attachment
    • origin
      • anterior aspect of mandible in incisor fossa
    • Insertion
      • skin of chin
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)
    • causes chin dipmples
22
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • frontal process of maxilla
    • Insertion
      • cartilage of nose
      • medial upper lip
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial Nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • lift upper lip and wing of nose
23
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Nasalis

  • Attachment
    • origin: (both parts) Maxilla below nose hole
    • insertion
      • Alar: onto ala
      • Transverse: superiormedial to mix with proseris
  • Innervation
    • nerve
      • facial nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • alar part: flare nostrils
    • transverse part: bauses “bunny lines” on nose
24
Q

What (3) muscles are indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Anterior, Superior, and Posterior Auricular muscles

  • Attachments
    • Origin:
      • varios bony/facial attachment
    • Insertion
      • (all 3) ear
  • Innevation
    • Nerve
      • facial nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • Anterior auricular: protracts ear
    • Superior auricular: elevates ear
    • Posterior auricular: retracts ear
25
Q

What muscle is indicated on the provided image?

Attachment points?

Innervation (nerves & arteries)?

Function?

A

Platysma

  • Attachment
    • Origin
      • fascia of upper thorax
    • Insertion
      • lower border of mandible, cheek skin, lower lip, modiolus, orbiularis oris
  • Innervation
    • Nerve
      • Facial nerve (CNVII)
  • Function
    • tense lower face and anterior neck
26
Q

What are teh 7 universally recognized facial expressions?

A
  1. surprise
  2. fear
  3. disgust
  4. contempt
  5. anger
  6. happy
  7. sad
27
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A

S: skin (scalp proper)

C: connective tissue (scalp proper)

A: aponeurosis (scalp proper)

L: loose aerolar tissue (potential space)

P: pericranium (dense, firmly attached connective tissue)

28
Q

Which layers of the scalp form the scalp proper?

A

the first 3: skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis

they are connected and move together

29
Q

What is the “danger area” of the scalp?

Why?

A

The 4th layer, loose aerolar connective tissue b/c infection and blood can spread very easily within it. Can distend wtih trauma.

Can pass from danger space to cranial cavity through emissary (connect deeper durla sinuses with superficial vein)

30
Q

Identify the branches of the trigeminal nerve

A
31
Q

Describe the trifurcation of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. What part of the face do these nerve innervate?

A
  1. Frontal- forehead, upper eyelid, upper scalp
    1. supraorbital
    2. supratrochlear
  2. Nasociliary-
    1. Infratrochlear (terminal branch) - dorsum of nose
  3. Lacrimal -latera forhead and scalp, lateral, lateral eyelid, lateral
32
Q

What division of the maxillary nerve supplies cutaneous sensation to inferior eyelid, cheek, lateral nasal bone, superior lip?

A

Infraorbital branch of the maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve (CNV)

33
Q

What three branches of the mandibular nerve contribute to cutaneous sensation of the face? What sections do they innervate?

A
  1. Auricuar temporal- skin anterior to aurical, posterior temporal region, parts of the ear
  2. Buccal- skin and oral mucosa of the cheek overlying and deep to buccinator muscle
  3. Mental- skin of chin, inferior lip
34
Q

What is the name for chronic neuropathic pain of the face? What is the cause of this pain?

A

Trigeminal Neuraglia

  1. Vascular compression Trigeminal Nerve–> referred pain
  2. Something is irritating the meningeal nerve (off V2), pain info sent back through the trigeminal nerve
35
Q

Identify the 3 nerves depicted in the image that provide cutaneous sensation to the posterior scalp. What

A
  • Greater occiptial (dorsal ramus C2) - pierces semispinalis capitis
  • _Third occipita_l (dorsal ramus C3)
  • Lesser occipital (anterior ramus C2)
36
Q

Name the 6 motor branches of the facial nerve (CNVII). Also include which muscles they innevate. Which branch is not included in the parotid plexis?

A

The posterior auricular branches off before the facial nerve dives into the Parotid Gland and forms the Parotid Plexus.

  1. Posterior Auricular
    1. posterior auricular muscle
    2. occipital belly of occipital frontalis
  2. Temporal-
    1. Superior and anterior auricular muscle
    2. frontal belly of occipital frontalis,
    3. superior portion of orbiticularis occuli
  3. Zygomatic
    1. inferior part of oribitcularis occuli
    2. facial muscles inferior to orbit
  4. Buccal (crosses superficial to Masseter muscle)
    1. buccinator
    2. upper and lower orbitcularis oris
    3. muscles of the upper lip
  5. Marginal Mandibular (parallels mandible)
    1. Risorius
    2. Lower lip and chin
  6. Cervical (crosses angle of mandible)
    1. platysma
37
Q

What is the name for idiopathic unilateral facial weakness. What percent of unilateral facial weakness are idiopathic?

A

Bell’s Palsy– 70% facial palsies are idiopathic

38
Q

What is the difference between Bell’s Palsy and a Stroke?

A
  • Bell’s Palsy
    • peripheral lesion (facial nerve CNVII)
    • Forehead and lip droop
  • Stroke
    • central lesion
    • Lip droop (forehead sparing0
39
Q

The internal carotid artery is the origination for which two arteries that supply the face?

A
  1. Supratrochlear (with accompanying nerve)
  2. Supraorbital (with accompanying nerve)
40
Q

Name the arteries that supply the scalp. Which branches originate from the external carotid? Internal carotid?

A
  • Internal Carotid
    • ​Supratrochlear artery
    • supra-orbital artery
  • External Carotid
    • _​_superficial temporal artery
    • posterior auricular artery
    • occipital artery
41
Q

Name the branches of the external carotid artery

A
42
Q

Which two arterial regions from the maxillary artery are important for supplying the superficial face? Where do they exit the skull?

A
  1. Infraorbital artery (exits via the infraorbital foramen)
  2. Mental artery (exits via the mental foramen)
43
Q

Name the branches of the facial artery. Which artery does its terminal branch anastamose with? Where is the origniation of that artery?

A

The terminal branch of the facial artery is the angular artery, which anastamoses with the dorsal nasal artery (from the internal jugular)

44
Q
  1. Which veins communicate from the facial vein to the cavernous sinus?
  2. Which veins communicate from the facial veing and the pterygoid plexus?
A
  1. superior and inferior opthalmic veins
  2. Deep facial vein
45
Q

Identify the indicated veins and structures.

A
46
Q

What two regions of the face have lymph nodes? What is their path of drainage?

A

parotid and buccal

They drain to the superficial ring at the junction of the head adn the neck, and then into the deep cervical lymph nodes along the internal jugular.

S1B4: Anatomy (6 decks)

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