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Anatomy Exam 4 > Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
S: skin 
C: connective tissue 
A: aponeurosis 
L: loose connective tissue-continues with eyelids and root of nose 
P: periosteum
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2
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the scalp?

A

trigeminal: V1, V2, V3

cervical nerves: lesser and greater occipital nn.

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3
Q

What supplies blood to the scalp?

A

branches of the internal and external carotid aa. :

  • supraorbital
  • superficial temporal
  • posterior auricular
  • occipital
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4
Q

Why do scalp wounds bleed profusely?

A

due to numerous arterial anastomoses

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5
Q

Deep scalp lacerations past layer….gape widely

A

3

due to pull of occipitalis and frontalis muscles in layer 3

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6
Q

What are emissary veins

A

veins that pass through foramina in the calvaria and connect the veins of the scalp with the dural venous sinuses

infection in layer 4 of scalp can spread to cranial cavity via emissary veins

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7
Q

Name the major muscles of facial expression

A

occipitofrontalis

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oris

buccinator

platysma

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8
Q

What innervates the major muscles of facial expression?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

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9
Q

What connects the frontalis muscle belly to the occipitalis muscle belly of occipitofrontalis?

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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10
Q

Action of occipitofrontalis?

A

elevates eyebrows

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11
Q

What are the 2 parts of orbicularis oculi? What are there actions?

A

thin palpebral part: gently close eyelids (blink) to keep cornea moist

thick orbital part: forcefully and tightly closes eyelids (squinting) for protection against bright light or foreign objects

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12
Q

Action of orbicularis oris?

A

closes mouth

important func. in speech and during mastication (helps keep food btwn teeth)

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13
Q

Action of buccinator

A

compresses cheek during mastication, sucking or whistling

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14
Q

What branch does the facial nerve give off before it enters the parotid gland?

A

posterior auricular n.

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15
Q

What does the posterior auricular n. innervate?

A

motor innervation to occipitalis belly of occipitofrontalis

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16
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve which provide motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?

A

temporal

zygomatic

buccal

mandibular

cervical

17
Q

What is Bell’s palsy? When can it occur?

A

facial n. paralysis, paralysis of the muscles of facial expression

characterized by sagging lower eyelid, dropping of the angle of the mouth on affected side

caused by: viral infx, trauma, idiopathic

18
Q

What is the major branch off the ophthalmic n.? What does it supply?

A

supraorbital n.

sensory innervation to skin of the forehead and upper eyelids

19
Q

What is herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

A

subtype of shingles, viral infx of CNV1, results in eruption of vesicles producing rash in V1 territory

can damage the cornea

20
Q

What is the major branch off of the maxillary n? What does it supply?

A

infraorbital n.

skin of lower eyelid, lateral aspects of nose, maxillary and zygomatic regions and upper lip

21
Q

What does the mandibular n. provide motor innervation to?

A

the muscles of mastication

22
Q

What are the major sensory branches of the mandibular n. (CNV3)?

A

auriculotemporal n.

buccal n.

mental n.

23
Q

What does the auriculotemporal n. innervate?

A

parts of the auricle, external acoustic meatus, external TM, skin in temporal region

24
Q

What does the buccal nerve innervate?

A

pierces buccinator (doesn’t innervate)

supplies skin and mucous membranes of the cheek

25
Q

What does the mental n. innervate?

A

skin of chin, skin and mm of lower lip

26
Q

The mental n. is a branch of….

A

inferior alveolar n.

27
Q

Facial a. is a branch of…It gives off…

A

external carotid a.

superior and inferior labial aa.

terminates at angular a.

28
Q

supraorbital aa. branch off of?

A

internal carotid a.

29
Q

Infraorbital aa. and mental aa. are branches off of?

A

external carotid.

30
Q

What does the facial v. communicate with?

A

cavernous sinus via superior ophthalmic v.

pterygoid plexus via deep facial vein

31
Q

Where is the parotid gland located? What encloses it?

A

anterior/inferior to auricle btwn ramus of the mandible and mastoid process

parotid sheath-tough, fascial capsule

32
Q

What vessels pass through the parotid gland?

A

facial n.

retromandibular v.

external carotid a.

33
Q

What structures emerge anterior to the parotid gland?

A

5 terminal branches of facial n.

parotid duct

transverse facial a.

34
Q

What vessels emerge superior to the parotid gland?

A

auriculotemporal n. (CN V3)

superficial temporal vessels

35
Q

What vessel emerges posterior to the parotid gland?

A

posterior auricular n. (CN VII)

Anatomy Exam 4 (6 decks)

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