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Anatomy Exam 4 > Cranial Nerve Overview > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do the cranial nerves emerge from?

A

most emerge from the brain or brainstem

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2
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

fiber type: special sensory

cranial exit: cribriform plate

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3
Q

What is the pathway of CN I ? target?

A

olfactory bulb >

cribriform foramina >

olfactory nerves in nasal cavity>

target: olfactory nerves in nasal mucosa

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4
Q

CN II

A

Optic

fiber type: special sensory

cranial exit: optic canal

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5
Q

CN II pathway? Target?

A

optic chiasm >

optic nerve >

optic canal >

target: retina (sight)

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6
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve

fiber type: motor and parasympathetic

cranial exit: superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

Motor pathway of CN III

A

cavernous sinus >

superior orbital fissure >

muscles located in orbit>

target: levator palpebrae superioris muscle, EOM: superior, medial, inferior rectus and oblique

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8
Q

Parasympathetic pathway of CN III

A

cavernous sinus >

superior orbital fissure >

ciliary ganglion * >

target: ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae muscle

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9
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear nerve

fiber type: somatic motor

cranial exit: superior orbital fissure

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10
Q

Pathway of CN IV

A

cavernous sinus >

superior orbital fissure >

superior orbit >

target: superior oblique muscle

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11
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

somatic motor and somatic sensory

3 divisions: ophthalmic (CN V1), maxillary (CN V2), mandibular (CN V3)

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12
Q

CN V1, ophthalmic divison

A

somatic sensory

cranial exit: superior orbital fissure

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13
Q

Pathway of CN V1, ophthalmic

A

trigeminal ganglion>

superior orbital fissure>

through orbit >

target: skin of forehead, scalp, upper eyelid, cornea, mucosa of anterior nasal cavity and frontal/ethmoid sinuses

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14
Q

CN V2, maxillary

A

somatic sensory

cranial exit: foramen rotundum

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15
Q

Pathway of CN V2

A

trigeminal ganglion >

foramen rotundum>

branches travel through pterygopalatine fossa to either inferior orbital fissure and orbit or inferior targets

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16
Q

targets of CN V2

A

skin of face, lower eyelid, upper lip, maxillary teeth and gingivae, maxillary sinuses, mucosa of posterior nasal cavity and hard & soft palate

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17
Q

CN V3

A

mandibular divison of trigeminal

somatic motor and sensory

cranial exit: foramen ovale

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18
Q

Pathway CN V3

A

trigeminal ganglion >

foramen ovale>

branches (i.e lingual nerve) >

travels inferior, posterior or anterior to targets

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19
Q

Targets of CN V3

A

somatic sensory: skin of scalp, face, cheek and lower lip, external TM, mandibular teeth and gingivae, anterior 2/3rds of tongue

somatic motor: muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohypoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani muscles

20
Q

CN VI

A

abducent

somatic motor

cranial exit: superior orbital fissure

21
Q

CN VI pathway

A

cavernous sinus >

superior orbital fissure >

lateral orbit >

target: lateral rectus muscle

22
Q

CN VII

A

facial nerve

fiber types: somatic motor, special sensory, parasympathetic

cranial exit: stylomastoid foramen

23
Q

what nerve travels with the facial nerve?

A

sympathetic fibers from deep petrosal nerve

24
Q

pathway of CN VII

A

enters internal acoustic meatus>

gives off 3 branches within facial canal ( chorda tympani, branch to stapedius muscle, greater petrosal) >

exits stylomastoid foramen

25
Q

main targets of CN VII

A

somatic motor to stapedius, muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of digastric muscle

26
Q

chorda tympani

A

branch off CN VII

hitchhikes with lingual n. (branch off CN V3)

27
Q

targets of chorda tympani

A

taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual glands

28
Q

Greater petrosal? pathway?

A

branch off CN VII

exit temporal bone >

joins with deep petrosal n. (sympathetic fibers)>

pterygoid canal >

pterygopalatine ganglion* >

hitchhike on CN V2>

travels anteriorly >

parasympathetic/sympathetic target: lacrimal gland and mucosa of nasal cavity

29
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

special sensory

cranial exit: internal acoustic meatus

30
Q

CN VIII pathway

A

internal acoustic meatus >

divides into vestibular and cochlear nerves>

inner ear >

targets: vestibular- vestibule and semicircular canals

cochlear-cochlea

31
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

somatic sensory, visceral sensory, special sensory, somatic motor, parasympathetic

cranial exit: jugular foramen

32
Q

CN IX pathway

A

jugular foramen >

gives off tympanic nerve and then travels inferiorly to most targets >

somatic motor target: stylopharyngeus muscle

visceral sensory target: carotid body and sinus

somatic sensory target: mucosa of oropharynx, posterior 1/3rd of tongue, soft palate

special sensory target: posterior 1/3rd of tongue

33
Q

Tympanic nerve

A

branch off CN IX

reenters skull through temporal bone>

travels through middle ear >

lesser petrosal branch exits middle ear >

foramen ovale >

otic ganglion >

hitchhikes on auriculotemporal branch of CN V3

34
Q

tympanic nerve targets

A

somatic sensory: internal surface of tympanic membrane

parasympathetic target: parotid gland

35
Q

CN X

A

Vagus nerve

motor, somatic sensory, special sensory

cranial exit: jugular foramen

36
Q

CN X pathway

A

jugular foramen> travels inferiorly>

gives off superior laryngeal branch (near hyoid)> travels inferiorly>

branches into recurrent laryngeal nerves > travels around aortic arch and brachiocephalic trunk superiorly to larynx

37
Q

CN X targets

A

motor: pharyngeal constrictors, muscles of the palate: levator veli palatini m., palatoglossus m., palatopharyngeus m., esophagus

special sensory: epiglottis and palate (taste)

38
Q

superior laryngeal branch

A

branch off CN X

provides somatic motor to cricothyroid muscle (external branch)

somatic sensory to laryngeal mucosa superior to vocal folds (internal branch)

39
Q

After traveling around the aortic arch and brachiocephalic trunk, the recurrent laryngeal branch changes its name to…

A

inferior laryngeal nerve in the larynx

40
Q

Targets of inferior laryngeal nerve

A

somatic motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx

somatic sensory to laryngeal mucosa inferior to vocal folds

41
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory nerve

motor

cranial exit: jugular foramen

42
Q

CN XI targets

A

sternocleidomastoid- head turning

trapezius

43
Q

CN XI pathway

A

superior spinal cord>

enters skull through foramen magnum>

exits skull via jugular foramen >

neck muscles

44
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

somatic motor

cranial exit: jugular foramen

45
Q

CN XII targets

A

intrinsic and most extrinsic muscles of the tongue

46
Q

pathway of CN XII

A

hypoglossal canal>

travels inferiorly medial to tongue >

anteriorly toward intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

Anatomy Exam 4 (6 decks)

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