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Head and Neck Anatomy > Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the face?

A

The hairline, anterior border of external ears, and the chin

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2
Q

What are the general contents of the face

A

Eyes, mouth, nose, muscles of facial expression, buccal fat pad, parotid gland, facial artery and facial vein with branches, facial nerve branches, and trigeminal nerve branches

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3
Q

What type of fascia is in the face?

A

Only superficial fascia, no deep fascia at

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4
Q

What are the borders of the scalp?

A

Forehead, superior aspect of cranium, occipital region above superior nuchal line, and laterally, the scalp blends with the temporal area

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5
Q

What makes up the scalp proper?

A

Skin, connective tissue (superficial fascia), and aponeurosis (thick, dense CT)

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6
Q

What are the components of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose Areolar CT
Periosteum
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7
Q

Skin of scalp

A

Thickest layer, contains hair follicles

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8
Q

CT of scalp

A

Nerves and vessels transverse in CT layer

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9
Q

Aponeurosis of scalp

A

Blends and connects occipital and frontalis muscles

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10
Q

Loose areolar CT of scalp

A

Cotton-like, where movement occurs

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11
Q

Periosteum of scalp

A

CT covering the bone itself

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12
Q

Nerves of scalp

A 
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Zygomaticotemporal
Auriculotemporal
Lesser Occipital
Greater Occipital 
Third Occipital
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13
Q

What nerves of the scalp provide pain, temp, and touch sensations?

A

Supratrochlear, Supraorbital, and Zygomaticotemporal

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14
Q

What nerves of the scalp are branches of V1?

A

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital

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15
Q

What nerve of the scalp is a branch of V2

A

Zygomaticotemporal

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16
Q

What nerve of the scalp is a branch of V3

A

Auriculotemporal

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17
Q

What nerve of the scalp is a ventral rami branch of the cervical plexus?

A

Lesser Occipital, C2

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18
Q

What nerves of the scalp are branches of dorsal rami, and what are their roots?

A 
Greater Occipital (C2)
Third Occipital (C3)
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19
Q

What are the arteries of the scalp?

A 
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Superficial Temporal
Posterior Auricular
Occipital
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20
Q

Which scalp arteries are internal carotid artery derivatives?

A

Supratrochlear artery

Supraorbital artery

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21
Q

Which scalp arteries are derivatives of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal artery
Posterior auricular artery
Occipital artery

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22
Q

Which of the scalp arteries is a terminal branch of the external carotid?

A

Superficial Temporal Artery

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23
Q

What is an emissary vein?

A

A vein that acts as a communication from superficial fascial and it goes through bone and dumps into a venous sinus. It can dump into the brain and shut the brain down (infections, this is can lead to meningitis)

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24
Q

What muscles make up the oral group of the muscles of facial expression?

A 
Orbicularis oris
Levator anguli oris
Depressor anguli oris
Zygomaticus major
Risorius
Levator labii superioris
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Depressor labii inferioris
Buccinator
Mentalis
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25
Q

What is the primary function of the facial nerve?

A

Mainly a motor nerve, but it has a little sensory function

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26
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Circular muscle around the mouth
Lets you close your lips and protrude your lips
Cranial nerve VII

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27
Q

Levator Anguli Oris

A

Lifts corner of mouth

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28
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Pulls down corner of mouth

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29
Q

Zygomaticus Major

A

Pulls corner of mouth laterally and superiorly, laughing muscle

30
Q

Risorius

A

Goes from the superficial fascia over the masseter to the superficial fascia over the mouth, pulls sides of the mouth laterally, and lets you grin

31
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Pulls the upper lip up

32
Q

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

A

Lifts upper lip and alar cartilage of nose

Allows you to near, and flare nostrils, also lifts upper lip

33
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Pulls down lower lip

34
Q

Buccinator

A

WANNABE muscle of mastication - connects bone to bone, free edge goes into the mouth, functions to keep stuff in the mouth, as well as sucking and blowing motions, innervated by CN VII

35
Q

Mentalis

A

Protrudes lower lip - puppy-dog-face muscle

36
Q

Modiolus

A

Where 8 muscles converge at the corner of your mouth

37
Q

What muscles make up the nasal group of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Nasalis - compressor and dilator
Procerus
Depressor Septi

38
Q

What muscle allows you to scrunch and wrinkle your nose, and squint your eyes?

A

Procerus

39
Q

What muscle pulls down along the septum of your nose?

A

Depressor Septi

40
Q

What muscles make up the orbital group of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Corrugator Supercilii

Orbicularis Oris which has orbital, palpenral, and lacrimal portions

41
Q

What muscle pulls your eyebrow in an inferior and medial direction?

A

Corrugator Supercilii

42
Q

Circular muscle around your eye

A

Orbicularis Oculi

43
Q

What muscle hold your eyes shut very tightly?

A

Orbicularis Oculi - orbital part

44
Q

What muscle aids in blinking and is found along your eyelids?

A

Palpebral portion of Orbicularis Oculi

45
Q

What muscle aids in movement of tears?

A

Lacrimal portion of Orbicularis Oculi

46
Q

What muscle lies on the superciliary ridge?

A

Corrugator Supercili muscle

47
Q

Everything innervated by CN VII is from what pharyngeal arch?

A

Pharyngeal arch 2

48
Q

What muscles make up the scalp group of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Occipitofrontalis, which is 1 muscle connected by the aponeurosis of the scalp, and the muscle has 2 parts:
Frontalis
Occipitalis

49
Q

What muscle wrinkles the skin on the forehead?

A

Frontalis

50
Q

What muscle wrinkles the skin on the back of the head?

A

Occipitalis

51
Q

What makes up the neck group of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Platysma

52
Q

What muscle elevates the skin on the upper chest?

A

Platysma

53
Q

What muscles make up the Auricular group of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Auricularis anterior
Auricularis superior
Auricularis posterior

54
Q

What do the auricularis muscles do?

A

Wiggle ear

55
Q

What 8 muscles are innervated by branches of V3?

A 
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Ptyergoid
Lateral Ptyergoid
Anterior Digastric
Mylohyoid
Tensor Tympani
Tensor Veli Palatini
56
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve that provide sensory information to the face?

A 
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Lacrimal
Infratrochlear
External Nasal
Zygomaticofacial
Infraorbital
Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental
57
Q

What are the facial sensory branches of V1?

A 
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Lacrimal
Infratrochlear
External Nasal
58
Q

What are the facial sensory branches of V2?

A

Zygomaticotemporal
Zygomaticofacial
Infraorbital

59
Q

What are the facial sensory branches of V3?

A

Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental

60
Q

What are the sensory nerves of the face from the cervical plexus?

A

Great Auricular Nerve (from C2 and C3)

Transverse Cervical Nerve (from C2 and C3)

61
Q

What are the motor nerves to the face a branch of?

A

All the motor nerves to the face are branches of the facial nerve.

62
Q

Where does the facial nerve come out of the skull?

A

Through the stylomastoid foramen

63
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporofacial, which has 3 branches
Temporal, Zygomatic, and Buccal, which forms a loop with buccal of the cervicofacial nerve

And Cervicofacial, which has 3 branches, buccal, which forms a loop with the buccal of the temporofacial, mandibular, and cervical

64
Q

In the head, there are 2 “buccal branches”. One from the trigeminal nerve, and one from the facial nerve. Which buccal branch is the motor nerve, and which is the sensory nerve?

A

Motor nerve is from facial nerve

Sensory nerve is from trigeminal, and it is called (in dentistry) the long buccal nerve

65
Q

The arteries of the face are direct or indirect branches of what?

A

External carotid or internal carotid

66
Q

What arteries of the face are derived from the external carotid?

A 
Facial artery, which gives 3 branches:
Superior labial, inferior labial, nasal branches
Angular artery
Superficial temporal artery
Transverse facial artery
Infraorbital artery
Buccal artery
Mental artery
67
Q

What arteries of the face are derived from the internal carotid?

A 
Supraorbital artery
Supratrochlear artery
Lacrimal artery
Dorsal nasal artery
External nasal artery
68
Q

What is true about the angular artery?

A

The angular artery is the facial artery with a new name. It changes its name when it gets to the angle of the nose. The angular artery is an external carotid derivative, and it anastamoses with the internal carotid derivatives

69
Q

What are the superficial drainage veins of the face?

A 
They are the veins lying right under the superficial fascia, which is right under the skin
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Angular
Facial - with 3 branches: nasal branches, superior labial, inferior labial
Superficial temporal
Transverse facial
Retromandibular (and branches)
70
Q

What are the deep drainage veins of the face

A

The cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus

71
Q

What are the communicating veins of the face?

A

Veins that communicate from superficial to deep parts of the face
Superior and inferior opthalamic
Infraorbital
Deep facial

72
Q

What is the danger zone?

A

Triangle on your face, bacteria from upper lip to between eyebrows can get into your blood stream via cavernous sinus and get to your brain and kill you

Head and Neck Anatomy (8 decks)

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