Face

Question 1

Arterial supply of the face

Answer 1

Branches of ECA

• Facial
• Superficial temporal artery

Question 2

Facial artery course

Answer 2

• ECA branch
• Around mandible
• Anterior to masseter
• Grooves parotid gland
• Enters onto side of face
• Ends at medial corner of eye

Question 3

Venous drainage of face

Answer 3

• Facial and superficial temporal vein

- Drain to IJV

Question 4

Muscles of facial expression (4)

Answer 4

• Orbicularis oculi
• Orbicularis oris
• Occipitofrontalis
• Buccinator

Question 5

Muscles of facial expression: Function

Answer 5

Group of muscles important for communication (emotion)

• Orbicularis oclui (closes eyes)
• Orbicularis oris (puckers lips)
• Occipitofrontalis (raises eyebrows)
• Buccinator (puff up cheeks)

Question 6

Muscles of facial expression: Attachment

Answer 6

• Lie within superficial fascia of the face
• Attach to subcutaneous tissue and bone
• Produce their action by pulling on the skin

Question 7

Innervation of muscles of facial expression

Answer 7

• Motor branches of CN VII (facial nerve)

- Emerge through stylomastoid foramen and split into 5 terminal branches in the parotid gland

Question 8

5 terminal branches of facial nerve

Answer 8

• Temporal
• Zygomatic
• Buccal
• Marginal mandibular
• Cervical

Question 9

Deficient movements when CNVII is injured

Answer 9

Facial palsy

• Unilateral loss of forehead wrinkling
• Ptosis (drooping) of eyelids
• Drooping of corner of mouth (drooling)
• Weakness/paralysis of cheek during chewing

Question 10

Parotid gland: Structure and Function

Answer 10

• Bilateral exocrine salivary gland that lies between zygomatic and buccal branches of CNVII
• Produces serous saliva (watery solution rich in enzymes)

Question 11

Parotid gland: Relations

Answer 11

• Masseter
• External ear/sternocleidomastoid
• Zygomatic arch
• Angle of mandible

Question 12

Parotid gland: Structures passing through

Answer 12

• CNVII (5 branches)
• ECA (branches: posterior auricular, maxillary and STA)
• Retromandibular vein (maxillary and STV)

Question 13

Parotid duct: course

Answer 13

• Runs anterior
• Superficial to masseter
• Pierces buccinator muscle
• Opens into oral cavity at 2nd maxillary molar

Question 14

Parotid gland: Innervation

Answer 14

Sensory
- V3 (auriculotemporal nerve)

Autonomic

• Parasympathetic via otic ganglion and auriculotemporal nerve: secretomotor
• Sympathetic (superior cervical sympathetic ganglion) via ECA: inhibits saliva secretion using vasoconstriction