Bones and Joints Flashcards
Neurocranium: Parts, bones and function
- Calvaria
- Cranial base
- 8 bones: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, temporal (2) and parietal (2)
- Protect the brain
Frontal bone: Structure
- Squamous - frontal sinuses, supra-orbital margin, glabella, zygomatic processes
- Orbital
- Nasal
Articulates with:
Parietal (coronal suture), sphenoid, zygomatic, nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid
Nasion
Articulation between frontal and nasal bones
Supra-orbital margin
Angular boundary between squamous and orbital parts
- Supra-orbital notch/foramen
Glabella
Smooth area between the superciliary arch
Parietal bone: Structure
Internal surface grooves
- MMA
- Sigmoid/superior sagittal sinus
Superior and inferior temporal lines: temporal fascia and muscle attach
Parietal foramen: emissary veins
Articulates with:
- Parietal: sagittal suture
- Frontal: coronal suture
- Occipital: lambdoid suture
- Temporal
- Sphenoid
Sagittal suture
Fibrous suture between the parietal bones
Coronal suture
Fibrous suture between the frontal and parietal bones
Bregma
Point of intersection between sagittal and coronal sutures
Lambdoid suture
Fibrous suture between the parietal and occipital bones
Lambda
Point of intersection between lambdoid and sagittal sutures
Parietal eminences
Parietal bone broadens posterolaterally
Vertex
Superiormost point of the cranium
Occipital/occiput bone: Structure
Outer surface
- External occipital protuberance
- Highest, superior and inferior nuchal line
- Occipital condyles
Inner surface
- Internal occipital protuberance
- Cerebellar fossa
Foramina
- Foramen magnum
- Jugular foramen
- Hypoglossal canal
Articulations
- Parietal
- Temporal (mastoid and petrous)
Occipitoatlantal joint
- Between occipital condyle and atlas (C1)
- Synovial joint
Temporal bone: Structure
Squamous part
- Zygomatic process
- Mandibular fossa
Mastoid part
- Mastoid process
- Mastoid cells
Petrous part
- Contains acoustic labyrinth
Tympanic part
- Styloid process
- Stylomastoid foramen
Articulations:
- Occipital
- Parietal
- Greater wing of sphenoid
- Zygoma
- Mandible
Temporalis muscle attachment
- Coronoid process of mandible
- Squamous part of temporal bone
Masseter muscle attachment
- Mandibular ramus
- Zygomatic process
Viscerocranium: Parts, bones and function
- Develop in mesenchyme of embryonic pharyngeal arches
- Irregular bones that give attachment to muscles of the tongue, mastication and pharynx. Teeth.
- 15 bones: mandible, ethmoid, vomer, maxilla (2), inferior nasal choncha (2), zygomatic (2), palatine (2), nasal (2) and lacrimal (2)
Zygomatic/zygoma: Structure
- Zygomatic arch (temporal process)
Articulations:
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Maxillary
Maxillae: Structure
- Alveolar processes (for maxillary teeth)
- Infra-orbital foramen (infra-orbital vessels, nerve (V2 branch))
Articulations:
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Lacrimal
- Ethmoid
- Nasal
- Inferior nasal choncha
- Vomer
- Zygoma
- Palatine
