FAA 8740-66 Flashcards
OEI
one engine inoperative
Vr
rotation speed
Vlof
lift of speed
Vmc
minimum control speed
when do you retract landing gear
after a positive rate of climb is established, but not before reaching a point from which a safe landing can no longer be made on the runway or overrun remaining
what is a critical engine
the engine whose failure would most adversely affect the airplane’s performance or handling qualities
which engine is critical
both engines turning in a conventional, clockwise rotation (viewed from the cockpit), the left engine is critical; at cruise airspeed, the thrust line of each engine may be considered to be the propeller hub
why is the left engine critical
with the props rotating clockwise, the descending blade on the left engine is close to the centerline; right engine descending blade is farther from the centerline which creates greater yawing force if left engine fails
explain Vmc
minimum flight speed at which the aircraft is directionally controllable with a bank of no more than 5 degrees when the critical engine is inoperative (windmilling) and the remaining engine is operating at takeoff power
what happens to controllability when airspeed slows below Vmc
there may not be sufficient rudder authority to counteract the yawing movement and maintain directional control of the airplane
counteract OEI yaw
loss of power one one engine creates yaw due to asymmetrical thrust
counteract OEI roll
loss of power on one engine eliminates propeller blast over the wing; this elimination affects the lift
distribution over the wing, causing a roll toward the inoperative engine
critical engine failure aerodynamics acronym
P - p factor
A - accelerated slipstream
S - spiraling slipstream
T - torque
p factor
descending blade on the right, moment arm is longer on right side
accelerated slip stream
asymmetrical thrust causes greater lift on side of descending blade
spiraling slip stream
slipstream from the left hits vertical stabilizer on left yawing aircraft to the left; slipstream from the right hits nothing and drifts away; if you lose left engine slipstream from the right won’t help counter yaw to the left and control corrections by rudder and ailerons become more essential
torque
clockwise turning procedures counterclockwise rolling; losing left engine means yaw and roll left
describe side slip
the angle at which the relative wind meets the longitudinal axis of the airplane
Vyse
best single engine rate of climb
describe Vyse
delivers the greatest gain in altitude per unit of time with the airplane in the following configuration:
* inoperative engine propeller in the minimum drag position (feathered)
* max power on remaining operative engine
* landing gear retracted
* wing flaps in most favorable postition
* cowl flaps as required for engine cooling
* airplane flown at zero sideslip
what factors determine Vmc
- max available takeoff power
- prop windmilling in in takeoff pitch
- most favorable (aft most) center of gravity and max takeoff weight
- landing gear retracted
- wing and cowl flaps in takeoff position
- trimmed for takeoff
- airborne, out of ground effect
with other factors constant what is Vmc highly sensitive to
bank angle
explain Vmc and bank angle
Vmc is reduced significantly with increases in bank angle; Vmc increases significantly as the wings approach level
Vxse
best single engine angle of climb
describe Vxse
used only to clear obstructions during OEI initial climb out because it gives the greatest altitude gain per unit of horizontal travel
Vsse
safe single engine speed
describe Vsse
minimum speed at which engine failures are to be performed
accelerate stop distance
runway required to accelerate to either Vr or Vlof and assuming an engine failure at that instant to bring the airplane to a complete stop
accelerate go distance
distance required to accelerate to either Vr or Vlof and assuming engine failure at that instant to continue the takeoff on the remaining engine and climb to a height of 50 ft
what is the single engine service ceiling
the altitude at which twins can no longer climb at 50 ft per minute in smooth air with one engine feathered at max certified takeoff weight
what is the single engine absolute ceiling
the rate of climb is zero
