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FA RR > FA RR - Disease/Associations > Flashcards

FA RR - Disease/Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (INC ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation & normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Chron Disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal & descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke enceohalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, & confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis & shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (Hb S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritism, peptic ulcer disease, & stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults & elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns & kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common n 1st 2 decades0

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp Ib deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)orSupratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium; ball and valve)

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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25
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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26
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (AI)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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27
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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28
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoperosis - Type I: postmenopausal woman- Type II: elderly man or woman

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29
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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30
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world)SLE (developed world)

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33
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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34
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

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35
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A
  • Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma - Paraneoplastic Cushing (d/t ACTH secretion by tumors)
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36
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

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37
Q

Cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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38
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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39
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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40
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s Disease, multiple infarcts

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41
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

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42
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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43
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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44
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (DX by barium swallow)

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45
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

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46
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)Adenocarcinoma (US)

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47
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus, B. cereus

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48
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger Disease (IgA nephropathy)

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49
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (MC in US)Cervical carcinoma (MC worldwide)

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50
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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51
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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52
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

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53
Q

Hematoma - epidural

A

Rupture of MMA (trauma; lentiform shaped)

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54
Q

Hematoma - subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

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55
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, & INC risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

56
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B & C & with alcoholism)

57
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand Disease

58
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert Syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

59
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

60
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

DM Type I, RA, SLE

61
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

62
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchrow Triad (results in venous thrombosis)

63
Q

HTN (secondary)

A

Renal disease

64
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thryoidectomy

65
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

66
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

67
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase (+))

68
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome

69
Q

Kidney stones

A
  • Calcium = radiopaque- Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease (+) organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)- Uric acid = radiolucent
70
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)

A

Eisenmenger Syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)

71
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

72
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher Disease

73
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

74
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

75
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

76
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate; breast > lung > thyroid

77
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI

78
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

79
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males & females, inherited through females only

80
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

81
Q

Mixed (UMN & LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

82
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

83
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

84
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

85
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann Syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism & anosmia)

86
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

87
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

88
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

89
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

90
Q

Osteomyelitis

91
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

92
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

93
Q

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg Tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

94
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, B/L)

A

Serous cystadenoma

95
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

96
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

97
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults)CF (kids)

98
Q

PT with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL = childCLL = adult > 60AML = adult ~ 65CML = adult 30-60

99
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

100
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) (bcr-abl)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

101
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophilic adenoma

102
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Turner Syndrome (45 XO)

103
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

104
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

105
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

106
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)

107
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

108
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

109
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger Disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

110
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau & cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

111
Q

Right heart failure d/t a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

112
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

INC ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])

113
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

114
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

115
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

116
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

117
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

118
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

119
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

120
Q

Stomach ulcerations & high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

121
Q

t(14:18)

A

Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)

122
Q

t(8:14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

123
Q

t(9:22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

124
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness d/t thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

125
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

126
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary cancer

127
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary cancer

128
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

129
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

130
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

131
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

132
Q

Type of Hodgkin

A

Nodular sclerosis (v mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

133
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin

A

Diffuse large cell

134
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

135
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

136
Q

Vitamin deficiency (US)

A

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

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