FA RR - Disease/Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (INC ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation & normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Chron Disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
HTN
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal & descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke enceohalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, & confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis & shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (Hb S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritism, peptic ulcer disease, & stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults & elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns & kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common n 1st 2 decades0
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with Gp Ib deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)orSupratentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium; ball and valve)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (AI)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoperosis - Type I: postmenopausal woman- Type II: elderly man or woman
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world)SLE (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing Syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma - Paraneoplastic Cushing (d/t ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
Death in CML
Blast crisis
39
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease, multiple infarcts
41
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (DX by barium swallow)
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)Adenocarcinoma (US)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger Disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (MC in US)Cervical carcinoma (MC worldwide)
50
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
51
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
52
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
53
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of MMA (trauma; lentiform shaped)
54
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
55
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, & INC risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
56
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B & C & with alcoholism)
57
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand Disease
58
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert Syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
59
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
60
HLA-DR3 or DR4
DM Type I, RA, SLE
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchrow Triad (results in venous thrombosis)
63
HTN (secondary)
Renal disease
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thryoidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
66
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase (+))
68
Intellectual disability
Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome
69
Kidney stones
- Calcium = radiopaque- Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease (+) organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)- Uric acid = radiolucent
70
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)
Eisenmenger Syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
71
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
72
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher Disease
73
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin Lymphoma
75
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
Metastases to bone
Prostate; breast > lung > thyroid
77
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
78
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males & females, inherited through females only
80
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Mixed (UMN & LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann Syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism & anosmia)
86
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
93
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg Tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, B/L)
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults)CF (kids)
98
PT with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL = childCLL = adult > 60AML = adult ~ 65CML = adult 30-60
99
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
101
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophilic adenoma
102
Primary amenorrhea
Turner Syndrome (45 XO)
103
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
107
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
108
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
109
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger Disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
110
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau & cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
111
Right heart failure d/t a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
112
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
INC ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
113
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
114
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
115
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
116
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
117
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
118
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
119
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
120
Stomach ulcerations & high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
121
t(14:18)
Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
122
t(8:14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
123
t(9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
124
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness d/t thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
125
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
126
Thyroid cancer
Papillary cancer
127
Thyroid cancer
Papillary cancer
128
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
129
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
130
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
131
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
132
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (v mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
133
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
134
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
135
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
136
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
