FA RR - Diagnostics/Disease DX Flashcards
1
Q
Anti-centromere Ab
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) Ab
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane Ab
A
Goodpasture Syndrome (glomerulonephritis & hemoptysis)
4
Q
Anti-histone Ab
A
Drug-induced SLE (Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, Procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG Ab
A
RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Anti-mitochondiral Ab (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
7
Q
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangitis & Churg-Strauss Syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
8
Q
Anti-nuclear Ab (ANAs)Anti-Smith AbAnti-DS DNA
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Anti-platelet Ab
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase Ab
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab
A
Celiac Disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
12
Q
Apple core lesion on abdominal XR
A
Colorectal cancer (usually L-sided)
13
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes & myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic [M3] type)
14
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)Ressitant: Streptococcus aglactiae (group B)
15
Q
Bamboo spine on XR
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
16
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly Bodies (d/t splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
17
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoningorSideroblastic anemia
18
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
19
Q
Boot shaped heart on XR
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
20
Q
Branching G(+) rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
21
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast Tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion & cause Horner Syndrome)
22
Q
Brown tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or Osteitis fibros cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
23
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
24
Q
Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
A
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
25
Chocolate cyst of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
CF (AR mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency & mucous plugs)
28
DEC AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns & lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson Disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
31
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson Disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
32
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann Spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
33
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement & hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
35
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
Owl eye appearance of CMV
36
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass appearance
Orphan Annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory Body (alcoholic liver disease)
38
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy Body (Parkinson Disease)
39
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman Body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
40
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal & cerebellar nerve cells
Negri Bodies of rabies
41
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's Disease)
42
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owl's eye)
Reed-Sternberg Cells (Hodgkin Lymphoma)
43
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
44
Hair on end (crew-cut) appearance on XR
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
45
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydratidiform mole (occurs with & without embryo, & multiple pregnancy)
46
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
47
Heterophile Ab
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
48
Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals; eosinophilic granules)
49
High level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
50
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
51
Honeycomb lung on XR or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
52
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs & vasculitis)
Trousseau Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
53
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia - B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms- Folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms
54
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn Syndrome
55
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
56
INC AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
57
INC uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop & thiazide diuretics
58
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
59
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: INC chance of mesothelioma)
60
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
61
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi Disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
62
Lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema XR
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
63
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture Syndrome
64
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
65
Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
66
Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on XR
Multiple myeloma
67
Mammary gland (blue domed) cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
68
Monoclonal Ab spike
- Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
69
Monoclonal Ab spike
- Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)- Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia- Primary amyloidosis
70
Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet Ring (gastric carcinoma)
71
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium XR
String Sign (Chron Disease)
72
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) & necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) & Goodpasture Syndrome (anti-basement membrane Ab)
73
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
74
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
75
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidisResistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
76
Nutmeg appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver d/t right heart failure
77
Onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing Sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
78
Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae Resistant: viridans streptococci
79
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on XR (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
80
Podocyte fusion or effacement on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
81
Polished, ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
82
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyper phosphorylation of tau protein
NFTs (Alzheimer's Disease) & Pick bodies (Pick Disease)
83
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium & ovary
84
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
85
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
86
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
87
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke Crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
88
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
89
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
90
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
91
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
92
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; black sky made up of malignant cells)
93
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick Bodies (Pick Disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
94
Soap bubble in femur or tibia on XR
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
95
Spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
96
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
97
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
98
Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cells histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
99
Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cells histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
100
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
101
Thumb sign on lateral XR
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
102
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
103
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
104
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
105
Waxy casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
106
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
107
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
108
Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
109
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (d/t subarachnoid hemorrhage)
