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Pharmacology > FA Immunology > Flashcards

FA Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus (Rapamycin), Basaliximab, Azathioprine, Glucocorticoids

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2
Q

Cyclosporine Mechanism

A

Calcineurin inhibitor; binds cyclophilin. Blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription.

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3
Q

Cyclosporine Use

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis.

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4
Q

Cyclosporine Toxicity

A

Nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, tremor, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia.

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5
Q

Tacrolimus Mechanism

A

Calcineurin inhibitor; binds FK506 binding protein (FKBP).

Blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription.

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6
Q

Tacrolimus Use

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis.

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7
Q

Tacrolimus Toxicity

A

Similar to cyclosporine, ↑ risk of diabetes and nephrotoxicity; no gingival hyperplasia or hirsutism.

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8
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin) Mechanism

A

mTOR inhibitor; binds FKBP. Blocks T cell activation and B cell differentiation by preventing IL-2 signal transduction.

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9
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin) Use

A

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis. Synergistic with cyclosporine. Also used in drug-eluting stents.

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10
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin) Toxicity

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia; non-nephrotoxic.

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11
Q

Basiliximab Mechanism

A

Monoclonal antibody; blocks IL-2R.

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12
Q

Basiliximab Use

A

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis.

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13
Q

Basiliximab Toxicity

A

Edema, hypertension, tremor.

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14
Q

Azathioprine Mechanism

A

Antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine.

Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis.

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15
Q

Azathioprine Use

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, glomerulonephritis, other autoimmune conditions.

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16
Q

Azathioprine Toxicity

A

Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia. 6-MP degraded by xanthine oxidase; toxicity ↑ by allopurinol.

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17
Q

Glucocorticoid Mechanism [Immunology]

A

Inhibit NF-κB.

Suppress both B and T cell function by ↓ transcription of many cytokines.

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18
Q

Glucocorticoid Use [Immunology]

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis (immune suppression), many autoimmune disorders, inflammation.

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19
Q

Glucocorticoid Toxicity [Immunology]

A

Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, central obesity, muscle breakdown, psychosis, acne, hypertension, cataracts, peptic ulcers. Can cause iatrogenic Cushing syndrome.

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20
Q

Epoetin Alfa (erythropoietin) Use

A

Anemias (especially in renal failure)

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21
Q

Thrombopoietin Use

A

Thrombocytopenia

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22
Q

Oprelvekin (interleukin-11) Use

A

Thrombocytopenia

23
Q

Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) Use

A

Recovery of bone marrow

24
Q

Sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor) Use

A

Recovery of bone marrow

25
Q

Aldesleukin (interleukin-2)

A

Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma

26
Q

IFN-α Use [Immunology]

A

Chronic hepatitis B and C, Kaposi sarcoma,
hairy cell leukemia, condyloma acuminatum,
renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

27
Q

IFN-β Use [Immunology]

A

Multiple sclerosis

28
Q

IFN-γ Use [Immunology]

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

29
Q

Alemtuzumab Target

A

CD52

30
Q

Alemtuzumab Use

A

CLL

31
Q

Bevacizumab Target

A

VEGF

32
Q

Bevacizumab Use

A

Colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma

33
Q

Cetuximab Target

A

EGFR

34
Q

Cetuximab Use

A

Stage IV colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer

35
Q

Rituximab Target

A

CD20

36
Q

Rituximab Use

A

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX), ITP

37
Q

Trastuzumab Target

A

HER2/neu

38
Q

Trastuzumab Use

A

Breast cancer, gastric cancer

39
Q

Infliximab, Adalimumab Target

A

TNF-α

40
Q

Infliximab, Adalimumab Use

A

IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis

41
Q

Natalizumab Target

A

α4-integrin: leukocyte adhesion

42
Q

Natalizumab Use

A

Multiple sclerosis, Crohn disease

43
Q

Natalizumab Toxicity

A

Risk of PML in patients with JC virus

44
Q

Abciximab Target

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

45
Q

Abciximab Use

A

Anti-platelet agent for prevention of ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

46
Q

Denosumab Target

A

RANKL

47
Q

Denosumab Use

A

Osteoporosis; inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegrin)

48
Q

Digoxin Immune Fab Target

A

Digoxin

49
Q

Digoxin Immune Fab Use

A

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

50
Q

Omalizumab Target

A

IgE

51
Q

Omalizumab Use

A

Allergic asthma; prevents IgE binding to FceRI

52
Q

Palivizumab Target

A

RSV F protein

53
Q

Palivizumab Use

A

RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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