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Pharmacology > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

0
Q

Acute allergic conjunctivitis

A

Oral antihistamine
( fexofenadine and loratadine)
If symptoms persists, an antihistamine- vasoconstrictor may be used
( nephazoline- pheniramine) but no longer than 3-5 days

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1
Q

Vernal and Atopic conjunctivitis

A

Mast cell stabilizers
Cromolyn sodium
Lidoxamide tromethamine

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2
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Trimethoprim-polymyxin B
Fluroquinolone drops qidx1wk ( topical)

H. Influenza amoxicillin- clavulante
Gonoccoal ceftriaxone iv or ciprofloxacin po
Chlyamidia azithro or doxy

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3
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Sulfamyamide ointment or solution
Gentamicin
Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin

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4
Q

Topical eye anesthetic

A

Tetracaine

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5
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

Atropine 1% or homatropine 2gtt to reduce pain from ciliary spasms

Topic antibiotics q2 hrs
No anesthetics or steroids
Repeat exam in 24 hrs

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6
Q

Cause of bacterial conjunctiva

A 
Staph. Epidermis and aureus 
Strep pneumonia 
H. Influenzae
Pseudomonas 
Moraxella
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7
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

A 
Vasoconstrictor
Antihistamine- oral and topical 
Mast cell stabilizers 
NSAIDS oral 
Conticosteroids if no glaucoma or cataracts
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8
Q

Acute glaucoma

A 
Sudden onset of photophobia and nausea 
Dilated pupils 
Red around cornea
Unilateral visual loss
EOM intact
Peripheral vision WNL
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9
Q

Treatment of acute glaucoma

A

Immediate referral
Antiemetic
Pilocarpine or other possible drug

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10
Q

Chronic glaucoma

A 
Gradual loss of peripheral vision 
Optic cup diameter greater than one half the optic disc diameter 
Halo around lights 
Optic nerve pallet 
No pain 
Visual change incidental
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11
Q

Chronic glaucoma medical management

A 
Beta blockers - timolol maleate 
Miotics - pilocarpine 
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 
(Oral acetazolamine or dorozolamine) 
Sulfonamide 
Cholinesterase inhibitors 
(Echothiophate iodine) 
Regular eye exam 
No steroids 
Bright light for reading 
Education regarding risk 
IP normally 10-21 mm hg
Goal maintain vision
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12
Q

Macular degeneration

A 
Loss of central vision 
No pain 
Can not read small print 
Visual acuity impaired 
Mottled appearance to macula 
Yellowish spots (Drusen) or hyperpigmentation on macula
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13
Q

Bacterial pharyngitis

A

Group A beta hemolytic streptococci
Creamy white tonsillar exudate
Tonsils enlarged
Positive throat culture

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14
Q

Treatment of bacterial pharyngitis

A

PCN
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

If allergic to PCN then macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithro

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15
Q

Bacterial sore throat

A

PCN V

16
Q

Viral rhinitis treatment

A

Analgesics and pseudoephedrine 30-60 every 4-6 hrs
Normal saline
No more then 3 days
( rhinitis medicamentosa)

17
Q

Allergic rhinitis treatment

A

Oral antihistamine
Nasal topical steroids
Nasal irrigation with NS

18
Q

Otitis external cause

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- green exudate

Staphylococcus pyogenes- yellow purulent exudate

Fungus- white fluffy or malodorous

19
Q

Otitis external treatment

A

Pain control- topical and systemic
Domeboro otic or cortisporin otic qid
Fungal- lotrimin 1% 2 gtt tid

Pain control with topical anesthetic benzocaine, auralgan q 1-2 hr

20
Q

Acute otitis media treatment

A

Systemic antibiotic with amoxicillin

Septra if local drug resistance

21
Q

Acute bacterial rhino sinusitis cause

A

S. Pneumonia = adults

H. Influenza = children

22
Q

Acute bacterial rhino sinusitis

A 
Maxillary toothache 
Poor response to decongestants 
History of colored nasal discharge 
Purulent nasal secretion 
Abnormal transillumination after 10 days 
> 4 bacterial etiology
23
Q

Differential for acute bacterial rhino sinusitis

A 
Dental problems 
 Trigeminal neuralgia 
Optic neuralgia 
Cold
Migraine
24
Q

Ottawa rules for x-ray of foot and ankle

A

Ankle

Point tenderness on A or B and inability to weight bear both immediately and in casualty department

25
Q

Onychomycosis

A

Terbinafine ( lamisil)

Itraconazole ( sporanox)

26
Q

Psoriasis

A

Creams or anthralin ( dithramol)
Vitamin D or vitamin A ( retinoids)
Salicylic acid or lactic acid to remove the scaling

Topical steroids
Phototherapy
Dandruff shampoo

27
Q

Psoriasis

A

Immunosuppressant
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine

Retinoids
Acitretine

Biological 
Adalimumab ( Humera) 
Alefacept 
Entracept
Infliximab
Stelae a
28
Q

Rosacea treatment

A

Metronidazole 1% once daily or .75% BID ( reduce erythema and inflammation)

Alelaic acid 15% twice daily
Antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antikeratinizing

Oral medication
Doxycycline acutely

29
Q

Impetigo

A

S. Aureus
Topical - mupirocin2% ( bactroban)

Amoxicillin 875 tid 7-10 days and septra DS bid
Cephalexin
Dicoxcillin

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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