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FA Rapid Review > FA Classic Findings-Labs > Flashcards

FA Classic Findings-Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida, (neural tube defects)

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2
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced SLE (eg. hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumoatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosiniphilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA)

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9
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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13
Q

Apple core lesions on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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14
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)

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16
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A);

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17
Q

Bamboo spine on x ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

Boot shaped heart on x ray

A

Tetrology of Fallot (due to RVH)

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22
Q

Branching gram (+) rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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24
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)

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26
Q

Cellular crescents of Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequentyly involves both ovaries)

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28
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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29
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CTFR gene -> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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30
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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31
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

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32
Q

Delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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33
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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34
Q

Desquamated epithelium cases in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

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35
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

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36
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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37
Q

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

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38
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl eye appearance of CMV

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39
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

Orphan Annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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40
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion of liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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41
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)

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42
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (Viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis)

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43
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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44
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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45
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owls eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin Lymphoma)

46
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

47
Q

Hair on end (Crew cut) appearance on xray

A

Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

48
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydratidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

49
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

50
Q

Heterophilic antibodies

A

Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)

51
Q

Hexagonal double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

52
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

53
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatosis lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (Primary TB, Mycobacterium bacilli)

54
Q

Honeycomb lung on x ray or CT

A

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

55
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas and lungs)

56
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; Folate deficiency: lack of neurologic symptoms)

57
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

58
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

59
Q

Intranuclear eosinophil droplet-like bodies

A

Crowdy type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

60
Q

Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: elevated chance of mesothelioma)

61
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

62
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

63
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

64
Q

Linear appearance on IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

65
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

66
Q

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)

67
Q

Lytic punched out bone lesions on x ray

A

Multiple myeloma

68
Q

Mammary gland, blue domed cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

69
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)

70
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastic carcinoma)

71
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x ray

A

String sign (Crohn disease)

72
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

73
Q

Needle shaped (-) birefringement crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

74
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

75
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: S. epidermis

76
Q

Nutmeg apprearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

77
Q

Onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing Sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

78
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: S. pneumoniae

79
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

80
Q

Polished ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

81
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

82
Q

Psammona bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

83
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

84
Q

Raised periosteum (creating a Codman triangle)

A

Aggressive bone lesion (eg. osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

85
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

86
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

87
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

88
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (eg. ischemia or toxic injury)

89
Q

Rhomboid crystals, (+) birefringement

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

90
Q

Rib notching (inferior surface, on x rays)

A

Coarctation of the aorta

91
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

92
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale/tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14 c-myc activation, associated with EBV; starry sky made up of malignant cells)

93
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

94
Q

Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

95
Q

Spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

96
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

97
Q

Steeple sign on frontal CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

98
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (Gardenella vaginalis)

99
Q

Streptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

Colon cancer

100
Q

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langherhans cells histiocytosis)

101
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

102
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

103
Q

Thumb sign on lateral neck x ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

104
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infection)

105
Q

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis

106
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

107
Q

Elevated uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

108
Q

Waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end stage renal disease

109
Q

WBC cases in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

110
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

111
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

112
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (eg. due to subarachnoid hemorrhages)

FA Rapid Review (4 decks)

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