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general knowledge medicine > FA 2013 pathology > Flashcards

FA 2013 pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

___ is a reversible nuclear change

___ (3) are irreversible ones

A

chromatin clumping
pyknosis
karyolysis
karyorrhexis

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2
Q

2 apoptosis pathways

A

intrinsic

extrinsic

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3
Q

2 cancers associated with AIDS

A

aggressive malignant Ly

Kaposi’s

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4
Q

2 cancers associated with Paget’s disease of bone

A

osteosarcoma

fibrosarcom

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5
Q

2 cancers caused by As

A

skin SCC

liver angiosarcom

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6
Q

2 cancers with highest mortality for females

A

lung (23%)

breast (18%)

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7
Q

2 cancers with highest mortality for males

A

lung (33%)

prostate (13%)

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8
Q

2 malignant growths with >1 cell type

A

immature teratoma

mature teratoma in men

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9
Q

2 most common destinations for mets

A

liver

lung

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10
Q

3 tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis

A

astrocytoma
angiomyolipoma
cardiac rhabdomyom

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11
Q

4 cancers associated with acanthosis nigricans

A

stomach
lung
breast
uterus

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12
Q

4 cancers caused by smoking

A

laryngeal (SCC)
lung
RCC
bladder (transitional cell ca)

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13
Q

4 neutrophil chemotactic factors

A

C5a
IL-8
LTB4
Kallikrein

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14
Q

4 stages of leukocyte extravasation

A

rolling
tight binding
diapedesis
migration

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15
Q

4 tumors with psammoma bodies

A

Papillary thyroid ca
Serous papillary cystadenoca of ovary
Meningioma
Malignant mesotheliom

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16
Q

5 cancers that met to bone

2 most common

A 
Breast
Lung
Testis
Kidney
Prostate
(BLT with Kosher Pickle)
breast
prostate
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17
Q

5 cancers that met to brain

A 
Lung
Breast
Skin (melanoma)
Kidney (RCC)
GI
(Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia)
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18
Q

5 cancers that met to liver IDOOF

A 
Colon
Stomach
Pancreas
Breast
Lung
(Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver)
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19
Q

7 kinds of amyloidosis

A 
1'
2'
senile cardiac
DM2
medullary thyroid ca
Alzheimer's
dialysis-associated
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20
Q

a2 cancers associated with radiation exposure

A

sarcoma

papillary thyroid c

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21
Q

a3 conditions with reduced ESR

A

sickle cell
polycythemia
CHF

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22
Q

aabl is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

oncogene

CML

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23
Q

aaflatoxin from ___ causes ___

A

aspergillus

HCC

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24
Q

aAFP is produced by ___ (3)

A

HCC
embryonal ca
yolk sac tumor

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25
Q

aALP is produced by ___ (3)

A

bone mets
obstructive biliary disease
Paget’s disease of bone

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26
Q

aamyloid in 2’ amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

A

AA
serum amyloid-associated protein
chronic inflammation

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27
Q

aBRCA2 is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (13q)

breast

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28
Q

aCA19-9 is produced by ___

A

pancreatic c

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30
Q

acancer associated with immunodeficiency

A

malignant Ly

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31
Q

acancer associated with plummer-vinson syndrome

A

esophageal SCC

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32
Q

acancer caused by alkylating agents

A

leukemi

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33
Q

acancer caused by aniline dyes (naphthalene)

A

transitional cell c

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34
Q

aCCl_4 causes ___ (2)

A

liver centrilobular necrosis

liver fatty change

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35
Q

aDCC is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (18q)
CRC
(Deleted in Colon Cancer)

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36
Q

aL-myc is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

oncogene

lung tumors

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37
Q

aLambert-Eaton syndrome is caused by ___ (2)

A

thymoma

SCLC

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38
Q

amyloid has ___ structure

and ___ micro appearance

A

beta pleated sheet

apple green birefringence with Congo red

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39
Q

amyloid in 1’ amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

A

AL
Ig light chain
multiple myelom

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40
Q

amyloid in AD amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

A

Abeta
APP
abnormal APP cleavage by secretase

41
Q

amyloid in dialysis-associated amyloidosis is ___

it is composed of ___

A

Abeta2m

beta2 microglobulin from MHC-I

42
Q

amyloid in DM2 amyloidosis is ___

it is composed of ___

A

amylin

islet amyloid peptide

43
Q

amyloid in medullary thyroid ca is ___

it is composed of ___

A

A-CAL

calcitonin

44
Q

amyloid in senile cardiac amyloidosis is ___
it is composed of ___
it is caused by ___

A

ATTR (AF?)
transthyretin
old age (cardiac ATTR is not mutant)

45
Q

aNF1 is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (17q)

NF1

46
Q

ap53 is a ___

it is associated with ___ (2)

A

tumor suppressor gene (17p)
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
any cancer

47
Q

aparaneoplastic ACTH is caused by ___

A

SCLC

48
Q

APC is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (5q)

FAP colon cancer

49
Q

apoptosis requires ___

A

ATP

50
Q

aras is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

oncogene

CRC

51
Q

aTRAP is prodcued by ___

A

hairy cell leukemi

52
Q

bcl-2 is a ___

it is associated with ___ (2)

A

oncogene
FLy
undifferentiated Ly

53
Q

benign growth with >1 cell type

this occurs in ___

A

mature teratoma

women

54
Q

bhCG is produced by ___ (3)

A

Hydatidiform mole
Chorioca
Gestational trophoblastic tumor

55
Q

bombesin is produced by ___ (3)

A

neuroblastoma
lung ca
gastric c

56
Q

BRCA1 is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (17q)

breast + ovarian c

57
Q

breast mets are ___

A

lytic or blastic

58
Q

c-kit is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

oncogene

GIST

59
Q

c-myc is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

oncogene

Burkitt’s Ly

60
Q

CA-125 is produced by ___

A

ovarian c

61
Q

cancer associated with autoimmunity

A

Ly

62
Q

cancer associated with dysplastic nevus

A

malignant melanom

63
Q

cancer is ___th leading cause of death in US

A

2nd (after heart disease)

64
Q

carcinoma in situ means neoplastic cells span ___ of epithelial thickness
but ___

A

all

do not penetrate basement membrane

65
Q

CEA is produced by ___ (4)

A

CRC
pancreatic ca
gastric ca
breast c

66
Q

DPC is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (18q)

pancreatic c

68
Q

erb-b2 is a ___

it is associated with ___ (3)

A

oncogene
breast ca
ovarian ca
gastric c

69
Q

exudate has specific gravity ___

transudate has specific gravity ___

A

> 1.020

<1.012

70
Q

gastric adenoca is associated with ___ (3)

A

chronic atrophic gastritis
pernicious anemia
postsurgical gastric remnants (?)

71
Q

hypercalcemia of malignancy is caused by ___ (3 cancers) via ___ (4 molecules)

A 
SCLC
RCC
breast ca
PTHrP
TGFb
TNF
IL-1
72
Q

in diapedesis stage of extravasation, ___ on leukocyte binds ___ on endothelium

A

PECAM-1

PECAM-1

73
Q

in rolling stage of extravasation, ___ on leukocyte binds ___ (2) on endothelium

A

Sialyl Lewis X
E-selectin
P-selectin

74
Q

in tight binding stage of extravasation, ___ on leukocyte binds ___ on endothelium

A

LFA-1

ICAM-1

75
Q

intrinsic pathway uses ___

extrinsic pathway uses ___ (3)

A

hormones/cytokines
FasL
granzyme
perforin

76
Q

lung mets are ___

A

lytic

77
Q

mets to brain are usually located ___ly

they are well/poorly circumscribed

A

at grey-white border

well

78
Q

N-myc is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

oncogene

neuroblastom

79
Q

NF2 is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (22q)

NF2

80
Q

nucleus becomes more ___ during apoptosis

A

basophilic

81
Q

p16 is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (9p)

melanom

82
Q

paraneoplastic ADH is caused by ___ (2)

A

SCLC

intracranial tumors

83
Q

paraneoplastic EPO is caused by ___ (2)

A

RCC

hemangioblastom

84
Q

prostate mets are ___

A

blastic

85
Q

Rb is a ___

it is associated with ___ (2)

A

tumor suppressor gene (13q)
retinoblastoma
osteosarcom

86
Q

red infarcts mean ___ has happened;
they are caused by ___
or in organs with ___, such as ___ (3)

A 
hemorrhage
reperfusion injury
collateral circulation
liver
lungs
intestine
87
Q

ret is a ___

it is associated with ___ (2)

A

oncogene
MEN IIa
MEN IIb

88
Q

T/F: anaplasia is reversible

A

false

89
Q

T/F: change in mitochondrial permeability is reversible

A

false

90
Q

T/F: desmoplasia is reversible

A

false (fibrotic rxn to neoplasm)

91
Q

T/F: dysplasia is reversible

A

true

92
Q

T/F: hyperplasia is reversible

A

true

93
Q

T/F: metaplasia is reversible

A

true

94
Q

T/F: neoplasia is reversible

A

false

95
Q

T/F: ribosomal detachment is reversible

A

true

96
Q

top 3 most common cancers for females IDOOF

A

breast (32%)
lung (13%)
CRC (13%)

97
Q

top 3 most common cancers for males IDOOF

A

prostate (32%)
lung (16%)
CRC (12%)

98
Q

vinyl chloride causes ___

A

liver angiosarcom

99
Q

WT1 is a ___

it is associated with ___

A

tumor suppressor gene (11p)

Wilms’ tumor

general knowledge medicine (9 decks)

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