Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Area 2 > F. Soil Science > Flashcards

F. Soil Science Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The molten mass where igneous rocks solidify from

A. Core
C. Mantle
B. Magma
D. Soil

A

B. Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. Rocks formed by cooling and solidification of molten magma and lava in the crust.

A. Extrusive rocks
C. Sedimentary rocks
B. Igneous rocks
D. Intrusive rocks

A

B. Igneous rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rocks that are formed when magma did not reach the earth’s surface but solidifies in the cavities or cracks that the magma had made by pushing the surrounding rock apart or by melting or dissolving it.

A. Extrusive rocks
C. Granitic rocks
B. Intrusive rocks
D. Basaltic rocks

A

B. Intrusive rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rock classification that are laid down by water.

A. Metamorphic rocks
C. Gravitational rocks
B. Sedimentary rocks
D. Mechanical rocks

A

B. Sedimentary rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rocks that were formed from the partial melting of existing rocks due heat, pressure chemical action.

A. Metamorphic rocks
C. Igneous rocks
B. Sedimentary rocks
D. Volcanic rocks

A

A. Metamorphic rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The study of soil which puts more emphasis on the origin, characteristics, classification and description:

A. Pedology
C. Pathology
B. Botany
D. Agronomy

A

A. Pedology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Individual soil layer or layers parallel to the ground surface.

A. Profile
C. Horizon
B. Pedon
D. Solum

A

C. Horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It refers to the arrangement of primary soil particles into secondary units or aggregates

A. Soil consistency
C. Soil structure
B. Soil texture
D. Soil density

A

C. Soil structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water

A. Apparent specific density
C. Particle Density
B. Real specific Density
D. Bulk Density

A

B. Real specific Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A natural body composed of a variable mixture of broken and weathered minerals and decaying organic matter and when containing the proper amount of air and water, supplies sustenance and gives
mechanical support of plants:

A. Fertilizer
C. Humus
B. Soil
D. Mineral

A

B. Soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The decomposition of the complex substances of rocks and minerals resulting to changes in chemical composition, release of soluble materials and formation of new minerals.

A. Exfoliation
C. Chemical weathering
B. Weathering
D. Physical weathering

A

C. Chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The most influential factor in soil formation.

A. Biosphere
C. Parent material
B. Climate
D. Time

A

B. Climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unitless).

A. Soil Texture
C. Porosity
B. Soil Structure
D. Dry weight basis

A

C. Porosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the density of water; it is the ratio of the weight of soil to the weight of water with volume equal to the total soil volume.

A. Apparent specific gravity
C. Particle density
B. Real specific gravity
D. Bulk density

A

A. Apparent specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The upper diameter size limit of clay particles is

A. 2.0 mm
C. 0.2 mm
B. 0.002 mm
D. 0.02 mm

A

B. 0.002 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The upper diameter size limit of silt particles is

A. 2.0 mm
C. 0.2 mm
B. 0.002 mm
D. 0.02 mm

A

D. 0.02 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The upper diameter size limit of sand particles is

A. 2.0 mm
C. 0.2 mm
B. 0.002 mm
D. 0.02 mm

A

A. 2.0 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The conversion of ammonium form of nitrogen to nitrate.

A. Nitrification
C. Denitrification
B. Ammonification
D. Volatilization

A

A. Nitrification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Soil texture class wherein sand, silt and clay are in almost equal proportion in a soil mass.

A. Sand
C. Loam
B. Silt
D. Clay

A

C. Loam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ideal bulk density value of a soil.

A. 2.33 g/m3
C. 1.65 g/m3
B. 1.33 g/m3
D. 2.66 g/m3

A

B. 1.33 g/m3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Identify the soil physical property that is not readily subject to change, so it is considered a basic soil property.

A. Soil structure
C. Bulk density
B. Soil texture
D. Soil color

A

B. Soil texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The percent N, P2O5 and K2O in a fertilizer

A. Fertilizer grade
C. Fertilizer recommendation
B. Fertilizer ratio
D. None of these

A

A. Fertilizer grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is the conversion of organic to inorganic forms of nitrogen.

A. Ammonification
C. Nitrification
B. Mineralization
D. Volatilization

A

B. Mineralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Characteristic feel of silt separates when rubbed in between the finger is

A. Gritty
C. Sticky
B. Floury
D. All of these

A

B. Floury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere in the form of ammonia.

A. Ammonification
C. Nitrification
B. Denitrification
D. Volatilization

A

D. Volatilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In flooded soils, nitrate undergoes reduction and lost as gas in a process termed as

A. Denitrification
C. Nitrification
B. Nitrogen fixation
D. Volatilization

A

A. Denitrification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The study of the mechanical behavior of soils.

A. Soil physics
C. Soil chemistry
B. Soil microbiology
D. Soil mechanics

A

A. Soil physics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The mineral matter component of soils makes up about

A. 25%
C. 50%
B. 30%
D. 45%

A

D. 45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which of the following causes soil acidity?

A. Green manuring
C. Leaching of bases
B. Irrigation
D. Liming

A

C. Leaching of bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which of the following soil microorganism is the most numerous in soils?

A. Bacteria
C. Virus
B. Fungi
D. Actinomycetes

A

A. Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It refers to grouping of soils in an orderly manner so that their properties can be easily recommended.

A. Soil science
C. Soil survey
B. Soil classification
D. Soil topography

A

B. Soil classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The process of classifying soil types and other properties in a given area.

A. Soil science
C. Soil survey
B. Soil classification
D. Soil map

A

C. Soil survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Refers to the vertical cross-sections of the earth which shows the different soil horizons.

A. Soil profile
C. Pendon
B. Horizon
D. Polypedonmy

A

A. Soil profile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which of the following is an igneous rock?

A. Granite
C. Shale
B. Limestone
D. Sandstone

A

A. Granite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Soil textural classes are defined in terms of ranges in variation in

A. Structure
C. Texture
B. Weathering
D. Drainage

A

C. Texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The function of parent material in soil formation with other factors as constant.

A. Lithofunction
C. Biofunction
B. Chronofunction
D. Climofunction

A

A. Lithofunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The deficiency symptom is yellowing of the lower leaves.

A. Phosphorous
C. Nitrogen
B. Potassium
D. Sulfur

A

C. Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The deficiency symptom is yellowing of the upper leaves.

A. Phosphorous
C. Nitrogen
B. Potassium
D. Sulfur

A

D. Sulfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

This refers to organic and inorganic matter which are exceedingly small but have high surface area per unit weight or volume.

A. Organic matter
C. Soil solid
B. Soil colloid
D. Soil texture

A

B. Soil colloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A red soil is generally

A. Basic
C. Sodic
B. Acidic
D. Saline

A

B. Acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The group of soil microorganisms which have the ability to photosynthesize.

A. Algae
C. Nematodes
B. Fungi
D. Protozoa

A

A. Algae

41
Q

Residues of living things in all state of decomposition whose influence on the soil properties is very significant even if present in very small amount.

A. Inorganic matter
C. Soil air
B. Organic matter
D. Soil solid

A

B. Organic matter

42
Q

Studies the field observable attributes of the soil within the various soil horizon and the description of the kind and arrangement of the horizons.

A. Soil physics
C. Soil morphology
B. Soil fertility
D. Soil taxonomy

A

C. Soil morphology

43
Q

The bacteria which live symbiotically with the roots of legumes and are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

A. Rhizobia
C. Mycorrhizae
B. Aspergillus
D. Penicillium

A

A. Rhizobia

44
Q

A group of microorganisms which can produce antibiotic compounds that kill other microorganisms.

A. Bacteria
C. Actinomycetes
B. Nematodes
D. Protozoa

A

C. Actinomycetes

45
Q

An indication of the compactness of the soil.

A. Soil texture
C. Bulk density
B. Particle density
D. Soil structure

A

C. Bulk density

46
Q

The stable fraction of the soil organic matter that remains after decomposition.

A. Carbohydrates
C. Humus
B. Carbon
D. Organic matter

A

C. Humus

47
Q

A group of soils which developed from the same parent material and whose profile characteristics are
the same.

A. Soil order
C. Soil family
B. Soil series
D. None of these

A

B. Soil series

48
Q

Materials which are natural or synthetic in origin which when added to the soil can supply nutrients to the growing plants.

A. Fertilizers
C. Minerals
B. Humus
D. Organic matter

A

A. Fertilizers

49
Q

A method of soil fertility evaluation whereby nutrients are known before a crop is planted.

A. Soil test
C. Plant analysis
B. Biological test
D. None of these

A

A. Soil test

50
Q

A compound excreted by plant roots during the process of respiration which is one of the causes of soil acidity.

A. Cabonic acid
C. Carbon dioxide
B. Hydrogen
D. Oxygen

A

B. Hydrogen

51
Q

A form of fertilizer that is applied through the leaves.

A. Commercial fertilizer
C. Organic fertilizer
B. Foliar fertilizer
D. Inorganic fertilizer

A

B. Foliar fertilizer

52
Q

The capability of the soil being molded by hand is

A. Stickiness
C. Plasticity
B. Tilth
D. Cracking

A

C. Plasticity

53
Q

A term for the initial application of fertilizer for crops

A. Basal application
C. Side dressing
B. Top dressing
D. Band application

A

A. Basal application

54
Q

Black color indicates the predominance of

A. Organic matter
C. Iron oxides
B. Salts
D. Manganese

A

A. Organic matter

55
Q

The pore spaces meant to retain moisture

A. Macropores
C. Micropores
B. Maxipores
D. Mesopores

A

C. Micropores

56
Q

The pore spaces meant to drain excess moisture

A. Macropores
C. Micropores
B. Endopores
D. Mesoporesc

A

A. Macropores

57
Q

The mass per unit volume of the soil particle is:

A. Porosity
C. Soil density
B. Void ratio
D. Specific gravity

A

C. Soil density

58
Q

The detachment and transport of soil particles from the land by water or wind action.

A. Erodibility
C. Erosion
B. Erosivity
D. Soil erosion

A

D. Soil erosion

59
Q

The ratio of the volume of water to the total soil volume.

A. Volume basis or volumetric MC
C. Porosity
B. Dry weight basis
D. Soil Texture

A

A. Volume basis or volumetric MC

60
Q

The ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of solid is:

A. Void ratio
C. Specific gravity
B. Porosity
D. Soil density

A

A. Void ratio

61
Q

The direct attraction of similar molecules between similar molecules:

A. Collision
C. Repulsion
B. Attraction
D. Cohesion

A

D. Cohesion

62
Q

The method of fertilizer application in which the fertilizer is dissolved in water as prescribed and then sprayed on the upper portion of the plant particularly the leaves.

A. Broadcast method
C. Foliar spray fertilizer
B. Side dressing method
D. Localized fertilizer

A

C. Foliar spray fertilizer

63
Q

Vulnerability or susceptibility of the soil to erosion. It is a function of both the physical properties of the soil and land management practices.

A. Erodibility
C. Susceptibility
B. Erosivity
D. Vulnerability

A

A. Erodibility

64
Q

The localized fertilizer placement wherein fertilizers are applied along the furrows prior to seeding or as strips on one or both sides of the row about 5 cm away and below the seeds.

A. Banding
C. Sidedressing
B. Basal
D. Topdressing

A

C. Sidedressing

65
Q

The soil’s inherent susceptibility to erosion which is influenced by infiltration capacity and structure stability.

A. Rainfall erosivity
C. Rainfall intensity
B. Soil erodibility
D. Rainfall duration

A

B. Soil erodibility

66
Q

A vertical section to the soil mass where significant changes in the soil texture and structure with depth are observed:

A. Soil profile
C. Soil texture
B. Soil structure
D. Soil taxonomy

A

A. Soil profile

67
Q

Ratio of the bulk density to the density of water:

A. Apparent specific gravity
C. Soil volume
B. Oven-dry weight
D. Porosity

A

A. Apparent specific gravity

68
Q

It is the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the weight of the water with volume equal to the soil bulk volume:

A. Apparent specific gravity
C. Particle density
B. Real specific gravity
D. Bulk density

A

A. Apparent specific gravity

69
Q

If a soil sample is compacted:

A. Its moisture content decreases
C. Its nutrient content diminishes
B. Its porosity remains the same
D. Its bulk density increases

A

D. Its bulk density increases

70
Q

Refers to the proportion of Carbon and Nitrogen in fresh organic matter, humus, and whole soil:

A. Alkalinity
C. Dry matter
B. C:N Ratio
D. Salinity

A

B. C:N Ratio

71
Q

Coarse-textured soils generally have:

A. Lower water holding capacity
C. Minimal water holding capacity
B. Higher water holding capacity
D. None of these

A

A. Lower water holding capacity

72
Q

The measure of the potential of a soil to give up or exchange positively charged ions or molecules:

A. Alkalinity
C. Fertility
B. CEC
D. Salinity

A

B. CEC

73
Q

The pH range of a neutral soil:

A. 2.1-3.1
C. 6.6-7.3
B. 7.4-8.1
D. 4.4-5.1

A

C. 6.6-7.3

74
Q

The relative proportion of sand, silt and clay determine the:

A. Soil texture
C. Soil profile
B. Soil particle
D. Soil structure

A

A. Soil texture

75
Q

The arrangements of primary particles in the soil into units or peds.

A. Soil texture
C. Dry weight basis
B. Porosity
D. Soil structure

A

D. Soil structure

75
Q

Term usually applied to microorganisms that require oxygen to live and reproduce:

A. Anaerobic
C. Mesophilic
B. Aerobic
D. Thermophilic

A

B. Aerobic

76
Q

The most stable and chief component of most soil on volumetric basis:

A. Chemical element
C. Mineral particles
B. Water
D. Air

A

C. Mineral particles

77
Q

A management system wherein nutrients in the soil are being enhanced and/or maintain to support plant growth is:

A. Soil management
C. Cropping management
B. Water management
D. Fertilization

A

A. Soil management

78
Q

Example/s of biofertilizers is/are:

A Nitro plus which contains Rhizobium bacteria
C. Mycovam containing mycorrhizae
B. Bio-N containing Azosprillum
D. All of these

A

D. All of these

79
Q

The term that pertains to the end product of decomposition

A. Slime
C. Humus
B. Sludge
D. Organic matter

A

C. Humus

80
Q

The process of converting soil Nitrate into gaseous Nitrogen or Nitrous Oxide.

A. Ammonification
C. Denitrification
B. Nitrification
D. Siltation

A

C. Denitrification

81
Q

Remains of plants and animals in varying stages of decomposition.

A. Slime
C. Humus
B. Sludge
D. Organic matter

A

D. Organic matter

82
Q

Vertical section from the surface downward to the bedrock, individual layers are regarded as horizons.

A. Field profile
C. Water profile
B. Soil profile
D. Plant profile

A

B. Soil profile

83
Q

The soil which contains more or less equal amounts of sand, silt and clay.

A. Acid soils
C. Volcanic soils
B. Alkaline soils
D. Loam soils

A

D. Loam soils

84
Q

The capacity of rainfall to effect the detachment and transport of soil particles:

A. Erodibility
C. Erosivity
B. Effectivity
D. Conductivity

A

C. Erosivity

85
Q

Which best describes red soil?

A Contains plenty of iron with good drainage
C. Low in fertility and poor in drainage
B. Poor in organic matter
D. Very rich, particularly high in nitrogen

A

A Contains plenty of iron with good drainage

86
Q

It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water:

A. Apparent specific gravity
C. Particle density
B. Real specific density
D. Bulk density

A

B. Real specific density

87
Q

A soil ph above 7.7:

A. Acidic
C. Alkali soil
B. Basic
D. None of these

A

C. Alkali soil

88
Q

Naturally occurring elements or inorganic compounds in solid state, with definite chemical composition, unique crystalline structure, and certain physical properties:

A. Humus
C. Solum
B. Minerals
D. Compost

A

B. Minerals

89
Q

At what soil type will the furrow length be longer in a furrow irrigation system?

A. Sandy soil
C. Clay soil
B. Silty soil
D. Sandy loam

A

C. Clay soil

89
Q

The process whereby rocks undergo physical or chemical changes, or both, to achieve equilibrium with conditions other than those under which they were originally formed:

A. Weathering
C. Metamorphism
B. Disintegration
D. Decomposition

A

C. Metamorphism

90
Q

This type of rock forming minerals is formed by direct union of an element with sulfur.

A. Sulfide rock-forming minerals
C. Ferromagnesium
B. Non-ferromagnesians
D. Carbonate

A

A. Sulfide rock-forming minerals

90
Q

Refers to the manifestation of physical forces of cohesion and adhesion acting within the soil at various moisture contents.

A. Soil consistency
C. Soil aggregate
B. Soil cohesion
D. Soil texture

A

A. Soil consistency

91
Q

It has the property of soil which enables clay to change slope without cracking when it is subjected to deforming stress.

A. Puddlability
C. Permeability
B. Friability
D. Plasticity

A

D. Plasticity

92
Q

It refers to the ease of crumbling of soils.

A. Puddlability
C. Permeability
B. Friability
D. Plasticity

A

B. Friability

93
Q

It is the term used in referring the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock:

A. Regolith
C. Topsoil
B. Subsoil
D. Humus

A

A. Regolith

93
Q

An aerobic process involving the production of Nitrates from Ammonium salt:

A. Nitrification
C. Denitrification
B. Salinization
D. Ammonification

A

A. Nitrification

94
Q

The only substance on earth that exists naturally in three phases, namely, gas, liquid and solid:

A. Mercury
C. Water
B. Carbon dioxide
D. Oxygen

A

C. Water

95
Q

The number and activity of bacteria in the soil are affected by:

A. pH
C. Oxygen supply
B. Moisture
D. All of these

A

D. All of these

Area 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions