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Paper 1: People, Place and the Politics of Difference > F: Geopolitics and Political Geography > Flashcards

F: Geopolitics and Political Geography Flashcards

1
Q

Shaheen, 2001

A

Studied >1000 films
Arabs overwhelmingly presented as terrorists

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2
Q

Dodds, 2008

A

Popular geopolitics
- Challenges and reinforces ideas
- 4 ways the media controls geopolitics

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3
Q

What are the four ways the media controls geopolics according to Dodds

A
  1. Set the agenda for how narratives are interpreted
  2. Prioritise narratives by framing events in certain ways
  3. Sterotyping can articulate national identity
  4. Reinforce or subvert geopolitical ideas
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4
Q

Said, 1980

A

Othering
Orientalism

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5
Q

Underhill, 2013

A

Department of Defence involved in Iron Man

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6
Q

Sharp, 2009

A
  • 9/11
  • Dichotomies
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7
Q

Ratzel, 1897

A
  • Politishe Geographie
  • Lebensraum
  • States as organic organisms
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8
Q

Semple, 1911

A
  • Environmental determinism
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9
Q

Mackinder, 1904

A
  • Geographical Pivot of History
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10
Q

Kropotkin, 1914

A
  • Mutual Aid
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11
Q

Gray, 2004

A
  • Ratzel was right
  • Realism
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12
Q

Hagget, 1967

A
  • Geography is a spatial science
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13
Q

O Toal, 1996

A
  • Critical geopolitics
  • El Salvador
  • Erase of geography and politics
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14
Q

Macey, 2004

A

Foucault

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15
Q

Escobar, 1995

A
  • Development as disource
  • Underdevelopment justifies intervention
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16
Q

Kuss, 2014

A
  • Disources not causing policy but framing some ideas as feasible and others not
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17
Q

O Toal and Agnew, 1992

A
  • Geopolitics is discourse
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18
Q

Shah, 2023

A

Geopolitics of Eurovision

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19
Q

Lacombe et al., 2022

A
  • Americans buying guns during Covid
  • Feared the inadequacy of state protection
  • The external enermy threat
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20
Q

Fukuyama, 1992

A

End of History

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21
Q

Kaplan, 1993

A
  • Balkan war legitimisation
  • Influenced the Dayton Peace Accords
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22
Q

Rove, 2004

A

“when we act, we create reality”

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23
Q

Bush, 2002

A

“ememies of freedom have comitted an act of war against our country”

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24
Q

Dalby, 2013

A
  • 9/11 as a war, not a crime
  • 9/11 projected onto a state
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25
Q

Kuss, 2007

A
  • Discoursive interventions make certian policies seem feasible
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26
Q

Dittmer, 2012

A

Capitain America

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27
Q

Rose, 1997

A

“we are never in possession of a perfect self knowledge”

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28
Q

Haraway, 1998

A

“feminist objectivity means, quite simply, situated knowledge”

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29
Q

Dowler and Sharp, 2012

A
  • Critical geopolitics is situated
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30
Q

Megoran, 2008

A
  • Just War Thesis
31
Q

Key point in geopolitics

A

All knowlege is situated

32
Q

Rose (1993)

A
  • Absence of women in geography
  • Separation between observers and what observing
  • Who was doing the research
33
Q

Haraway (1998)

A

-Values and agenda shaping knowledge production in lab

34
Q

What does feminist geopolitics do

A
  • Reflects on authorial position: challenging a singular viewpoint to think about forms of collaborative writing
  • Defouces state-centred military perspective
35
Q

What does positionality affect

A
  • How was think, write and speak
36
Q

What is Feminst geopolitics critical of

A

Critical of critical geopolitics

37
Q

Core difference between critical geopolitics and feminist geopolitics

A

Feminnist offers an alternatibe and not just a critique

38
Q
A
39
Q

Koopman (2011)

A
  • Alter geopolitics
  • Grassroots stuggles to built solidarity
  • Bodily proximity ensuring security in Columbia
  • Changing the present, not future
40
Q

Smith (2012)

A
  • Territoriality relies on reproducive geopolitics
  • In Jammu and Kashmir, India
  • Reproducivce services better for Budhist majority rather tham Muslim minority
41
Q

Example of using geopolitics of proximity

A
  • In Jan 2024 UK foreign students lost the rights to bring family to the UK. Used to reduce immigratiob by creating a hostile environment
42
Q

What does Jacobsen, 2023 argue

A

The state operates through intimacy

43
Q

What does Dalby 2010 say about critical geopolitics

A
  • Has become too loose and catchall
  • Need to refocus on war and interstate conflict, not diversity
44
Q

Gregory 2012

A

Everywhere War
- drone strikes against perveived threats in a diverse range of global sites
- in Ukraine, civillians are in the military kill chain
- Individuals participating in war not always in Ukraine - could be anywhere gathering intelligence for Ukraine
- Warfare conducted by securoty agencieis and not military agencieis - significant as citizens are protected by the Geneva Convention
-

45
Q

Diax and Mountz, 2020

A
  • Geopolitical responses to pandemic reasserted views of strong borders
  • Imagined external threat from the outside
  • Seeking protetcion within national boundaries
46
Q

What do Dittmer and Dodds 2008 argue

A
  • Focus on audience perception and reception of geopolitical representations
47
Q

What are epistemologies

A
  • Theories of knowledge about the world
48
Q

Sharp, 2009

A
  • Subaltern geopolitics are ambiguous positions of marginality
49
Q

What is all knowledge

A

The production of social and political contexts

50
Q

Wallerstein, 2004

A

World Systems Theory
- 1 world economy
- World economy divided into core, semiperiphery and periphery
- Highly spatialised economy
- Economies dependent on one another

51
Q

Giddens views on World Systems Theory

A

Flawed
- Suffers from economic reductionsim - saying all social phenomena have an economic origin
- Functioanlist - explained in terms of its effects

52
Q

Example of formal geopolitics being influential

A

Isaiah Bowman shaped Versailles Peace Treaty and helped to form the League of Nations Post WW1

53
Q

Origin of geopolitics

A
  • Rudolf Kjellen in 1889
54
Q

What was classical geopolitics used for

A
  • Legitimising colonialism, racism and ethnocentricism
55
Q

Mackinder

A
  • First dedicated scholar of Geog in 1887
  • Map threats and opportunities at the end pf age of discovery
  • Geographical knowledge being a powerful too in maintaining GB power
  • Heatland Thesis in 1903
  • World divded into Heartland, Inner crescent and Outer Crescent
  • Wanted a series of strong buffer states between Germany and Russia
56
Q

Haushofer

A
  • Geopolitik
  • After Versailles Peace Treaty
  • Germany needs more leubansraum
  • State as a living organism
  • Incorporated into Nazi politics
57
Q

Bowman

A
  • Helped draw up Versailles Peace Accords
  • Concerned that small states would fuel rivralies –> Yugoslavia
58
Q

O Toal, 2006

A
  • geopolitics supresses geography and politics
  • 3 sites of geopolitical knowledge: formal, practial and popular
59
Q

Examples of formal geopol

A
  • Geopoliticians
60
Q

Examples of practical geopol

A
  • Bush speechs
  • National Security reports
61
Q

Top Gun Maverick, 2022

A
  • Opening shot on USS Enterprise in Indian Ocean
  • Enemies were North Korea flying MiG-28s
  • War movies in 2010s set in Afhganistan
  • References to the threat of China as enemy has 5th gen aircraft such as J20 steaalth figher
62
Q

Friendly Father 2024 (Leonzini, 2024)

A
  • North Korea song about Kim Jun Un
  • All songs have to educate people
  • North Korean seed theory - every piece of work must have an ideological seed, a message that is then disseminated en masse through art
63
Q

Harris, 2024

A
  • 30% of global container ships pass theough Bab El Mandeb Straight
  • Djobouti has US military, Japan and China bases
  • 3 months after 9/11 Djibouti became a US military base
  • geopolitics - politics happening because of geography
  • Economic entanglements are being used as tools of conflict rather than preventors of conflict
64
Q

Wilcox, 2015

A

Drone warfare is embedded

65
Q

Mountz, 2020

A
  • Covid returns strong national border politics
66
Q

Mignolo, 2017

A

Decolonising

67
Q

Agnew, 1994

A

Territorial trap
- The conceptual error of: (i) regarding states as fixed units of territorial sovereign space, unchanging through time;

68
Q

Crabtree, 2022

A

Top Gun Maverick

69
Q

Leonzini, 2024

A
  • North Korea
  • Pop music
  • Seed theory
  • Friendly father
70
Q

Dittmer and Sharp, 2014

A
  • Practical, popular and formal geopolitics
71
Q

Gramsci, 1929

A

Cultural hegemony

72
Q

Dodds, 2019

A
  • Co-Constituative relationships
73
Q

Bankston, 2018

A
  • Reagan and War Games in 1983

Paper 1: People, Place and the Politics of Difference (8 decks)

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