F: Geopolitics and Political Geography Flashcards
1
Q
Shaheen, 2001
A
Studied >1000 films
Arabs overwhelmingly presented as terrorists
2
Q
Dodds, 2008
A
Popular geopolitics
- Challenges and reinforces ideas
- 4 ways the media controls geopolitics
3
Q
What are the four ways the media controls geopolics according to Dodds
A
- Set the agenda for how narratives are interpreted
- Prioritise narratives by framing events in certain ways
- Sterotyping can articulate national identity
- Reinforce or subvert geopolitical ideas
4
Q
Said, 1980
A
Othering
Orientalism
5
Q
Underhill, 2013
A
Department of Defence involved in Iron Man
6
Q
Sharp, 2009
A
- 9/11
- Dichotomies
7
Q
Ratzel, 1897
A
- Politishe Geographie
- Lebensraum
- States as organic organisms
8
Q
Semple, 1911
A
- Environmental determinism
9
Q
Mackinder, 1904
A
- Geographical Pivot of History
10
Q
Kropotkin, 1914
A
- Mutual Aid
11
Q
Gray, 2004
A
- Ratzel was right
- Realism
12
Q
Hagget, 1967
A
- Geography is a spatial science
13
Q
O Toal, 1996
A
- Critical geopolitics
- El Salvador
- Erase of geography and politics
14
Q
Macey, 2004
A
Foucault
15
Q
Escobar, 1995
A
- Development as disource
- Underdevelopment justifies intervention
16
Q
Kuss, 2014
A
- Disources not causing policy but framing some ideas as feasible and others not
17
Q
O Toal and Agnew, 1992
A
- Geopolitics is discourse
19
Q
Lacombe et al., 2022
A
- Americans buying guns during Covid
- Feared the inadequacy of state protection
- The external enermy threat
20
Q
Fukuyama, 1992
A
End of History
21
Q
Kaplan, 1993
A
- Balkan war legitimisation
- Influenced the Dayton Peace Accords
22
Q
Rove, 2004
A
“when we act, we create reality”
23
Q
Bush, 2002
A
“ememies of freedom have comitted an act of war against our country”
24
Q
Dalby, 2013
A
- 9/11 as a war, not a crime
- 9/11 projected onto a state
25
Kuss, 2007
- Discoursive interventions make certian policies seem feasible
26
Dittmer, 2012
Capitain America
27
Rose, 1997
"we are never in possession of a perfect self knowledge"
28
Haraway, 1998
"feminist objectivity means, quite simply, situated knowledge"
29
Dowler and Sharp, 2012
- Critical geopolitics is situated
30
Megoran, 2008
- Just War Thesis
31
Key point in geopolitics
All knowlege is situated
32
Rose (1993)
- Absence of women in geography
- Separation between observers and what observing
- Who was doing the research
33
Haraway (1998)
-Values and agenda shaping knowledge production in lab
34
What does feminist geopolitics do
- Reflects on authorial position: challenging a singular viewpoint to think about forms of collaborative writing
- Defouces state-centred military perspective
35
What does positionality affect
- How was think, write and speak
36
What is Feminst geopolitics critical of
Critical of critical geopolitics
37
Core difference between critical geopolitics and feminist geopolitics
Feminnist offers an alternatibe and not just a critique
38
39
Koopman (2011)
- Alter geopolitics
- Grassroots stuggles to built solidarity
- Bodily proximity ensuring security in Columbia
- Changing the present, not future
40
Smith (2012)
- Territoriality relies on reproducive geopolitics
- In Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Reproducivce services better for Budhist majority rather tham Muslim minority
41
Example of using geopolitics of proximity
- In Jan 2024 UK foreign students lost the rights to bring family to the UK. Used to reduce immigratiob by creating a hostile environment
42
What does Jacobsen, 2023 argue
The state operates through intimacy
43
What does Dalby 2010 say about critical geopolitics
- Has become too loose and catchall
- Need to refocus on war and interstate conflict, not diversity
44
Gregory 2012
Everywhere War
- drone strikes against perveived threats in a diverse range of global sites
- in Ukraine, civillians are in the military kill chain
- Individuals participating in war not always in Ukraine - could be anywhere gathering intelligence for Ukraine
- Warfare conducted by securoty agencieis and not military agencieis - significant as citizens are protected by the Geneva Convention
-
45
Diax and Mountz, 2020
- Geopolitical responses to pandemic reasserted views of strong borders
- Imagined external threat from the outside
- Seeking protetcion within national boundaries
46
What do Dittmer and Dodds 2008 argue
- Focus on audience perception and reception of geopolitical representations
47
What are epistemologies
- Theories of knowledge about the world
48
Sharp, 2009
- Subaltern geopolitics are ambiguous positions of marginality
49
What is all knowledge
The production of social and political contexts
50
Wallerstein, 2004
World Systems Theory
- 1 world economy
- World economy divided into core, semiperiphery and periphery
- Highly spatialised economy
- Economies dependent on one another
51
Giddens views on World Systems Theory
Flawed
- Suffers from economic reductionsim - saying all social phenomena have an economic origin
- Functioanlist - explained in terms of its effects
52
Example of formal geopolitics being influential
Isaiah Bowman shaped Versailles Peace Treaty and helped to form the League of Nations Post WW1
53
Origin of geopolitics
- Rudolf Kjellen in 1889
54
What was classical geopolitics used for
- Legitimising colonialism, racism and ethnocentricism
55
Mackinder
- First dedicated scholar of Geog in 1887
- Map threats and opportunities at the end pf age of discovery
- Geographical knowledge being a powerful too in maintaining GB power
- Heatland Thesis in 1903
- World divded into Heartland, Inner crescent and Outer Crescent
- Wanted a series of strong buffer states between Germany and Russia
56
Haushofer
- Geopolitik
- After Versailles Peace Treaty
- Germany needs more leubansraum
- State as a living organism
- Incorporated into Nazi politics
57
Bowman
- Helped draw up Versailles Peace Accords
- Concerned that small states would fuel rivralies --> Yugoslavia
58
O Toal, 2006
- geopolitics supresses geography and politics
- 3 sites of geopolitical knowledge: formal, practial and popular
59
Examples of formal geopol
- Geopoliticians
60
Examples of practical geopol
- Bush speechs
- National Security reports
61
Top Gun Maverick, 2022
- Opening shot on USS Enterprise in Indian Ocean
- Enemies were North Korea flying MiG-28s
- War movies in 2010s set in Afhganistan
- References to the threat of China as enemy has 5th gen aircraft such as J20 steaalth figher
62
Friendly Father 2024 (Leonzini, 2024)
- North Korea song about Kim Jun Un
- All songs have to educate people
- North Korean seed theory - every piece of work must have an ideological seed, a message that is then disseminated en masse through art
63
Harris, 2024
- 30% of global container ships pass theough Bab El Mandeb Straight
- Djobouti has US military, Japan and China bases
- 3 months after 9/11 Djibouti became a US military base
- geopolitics - politics happening because of geography
- Economic entanglements are being used as tools of conflict rather than preventors of conflict
64
Wilcox, 2015
Drone warfare is embedded
65
Mountz, 2020
- Covid returns strong national border politics
66
Mignolo, 2017
Decolonising
67
Agnew, 1994
Territorial trap
- The conceptual error of: (i) regarding states as fixed units of territorial sovereign space, unchanging through time;
68
Crabtree, 2022
Top Gun Maverick
69
Leonzini, 2024
- North Korea
- Pop music
- Seed theory
- Friendly father
70
Dittmer and Sharp, 2014
- Practical, popular and formal geopolitics
71
Gramsci, 1929
Cultural hegemony
72
Dodds, 2019
- Co-Constituative relationships
73
Bankston, 2018
- Reagan and War Games in 1983
