F&E Signs and Symptoms Flashcards
What are signs and symptoms of Hyponatremia?
Anorexia Headache Muscle Weakness Fatigue Abdominal Cramps Nausea & Vomiting Postural Hypotension Confusion, irritability
What are signs and symptoms of Hypernatremia?
Looks like dehydration Dry mucous membranes Decreased urinary output Poor tissue turgor THIRST!! Skeletal muscle weakness, lethargy Restlessness, seizures, coma Can get tachycardia and death
What are signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia?
Fatigue Muscle weakness, Decreased reflexes Weak Pulse, EKG CHANGES!! Leg cramps Anorexia, nausea & vomiting Vertigo Decreased bowel sounds (paralytic ileus) CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS, EKG CHANGES & DEATH!!!!!!!!!
What are signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia?
EKG changes Irregular pulses Muscle weakness Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Numbness, tingling Possible paralysis May get CARDIAC ARREST if hyperkalemia is sudden or severe !!!!!
What are signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?
Tingling extremities, increased nerve excitability
Delayed blood clotting
Muscle spasms/ Tetany
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal Cramps
Laryngeal Spasm
Cardiac Dysrhythmias
Positive Chvostek’s sign (Involves tapping of face over facial nerve in front of ear
+ sign = facial twitching)
Positive Trousseau’s sign (Carpal spasm when brachial artery occluded by constriction
Tested with a blood pressure cuff)
What are signs and symptoms of Hypercalcemia?
Decreased memory, confusion, disorientation Thirst Renal Stones (Calculi) Lethargy/ Fatigue Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes Decreased Muscle Tone, muscle weakness Dysrhythmias Decreased GI motility (constipation)
What are signs and symptoms of Hypomagnesemia?
CNS irritability – tremors, tetany, muscle spasms
May see +Chvostek’s & Trousseau’s sign, If related to hypocalcemia
Agitation
Seizures
Hyperactive reflexes
What are signs and symptoms of Hypermagnesemia?
Hypotension, possible coma & cardiac arrest Heat Thirst Nausea & vomiting Loss of reflexes Respiratory depression
What are signs and symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis?
Headache Numbness and tingling of extremities Lethargy Irregular heart rate Irritability Slow, shallow respirations (compensation) Confusion Nausea & vomiting
What are signs and symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis?
Changes in LOC Vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia Lethargy Headache Weakness Cardiac Dysrhythmias Deep, Rapid Breathing (compensation)
What are signs and symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis?
Irritability Dizziness Tingling fingers and extremities Fainting (syncope) Tachypnea (lungs are unable to compensate when there is a respiratory problem) Dysrhythmias Muscle Weakness
What are signs and symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis?
Dyspnea Tachycardia Dizziness Headache Disorientation Decreasing level of consciousness Coma
