F&E Flashcards
what is the role of parathyroid in fluid and electrolyte management
secretes PTH
- HIGH PTH = high calcium and low phosphate
what is an acid
substance that contains hydrogen ions (H+)
example; carbonic acid (CO2)
what is acidosis chemically
excess of hydrogen ions or loss of base ions (bicarb)
what is the point of a buffer
prevents fluids from becoming too acidic or alkaline
* soak up free hydrogen ions OR release hydrogen ions where to alkaline
1. carbonic acid - sodium bicarb
2.phosphate system
3. protein buffer system
where does the fluid go in third spacing
pleural, peritoneal (ascites)
pericardial
joints
bowels
excess fluid volume in intravascular space
hypervolemia
excess of fluid volume in interstitial spaces
edema
hyponatremia
neurological changes
hypernatremia
thirst
hypokalemia
cramps
PVC’s
hyperkalemia
peaked T waves
hypocalcemia
numbness/ tingling of face
positive chvostek/ trouseaus sign
hypercalcemia
N/V
constipation
bone pain excessive urination
hematocrit and how fluid can be interpreted from it
HcT is % of volume of RBCs in blood
HIGH levels indicate severe fluid loss
what does angiotensin II do in the body
causes peripheral arterial vasoconstriction
stimulates release of aldosterone which increase re-absorption of water and sodium
Aldosterone also increases excretion of potassium
baroreceptors
stretch receptors located in atria and aortic arch
- reports increases in BP (stretching) to sympathetic system to decrease pressure
hypodipsia
decrease in ability to sense thirst
- cause by head trauma, lesions ect.
polydipsia
excessive thirst
- typically seen in CHF, DM, CKD
- can by caused by drugs like anticholinergics that cause dry mouth
Diabetes Insipidus
deficiency or decreased response to ADH
- large amounts of urine with excessive thirst
SIADH
ADH continues to be secreted leading to water retention
What type of fluid would a patient with SIADH receive
hypertonic solution
how does ANP affect BP
released when there is an increase in atrial pressure
- promotes sodium/ water excretion
- suppresses renin system
- vasodilates
- decreases aldosterone secretion
how is dehydration different from hypovolemia
hypovolemia is fluid deficit intravascular
dehydration is fluid volume deficit is a fluid deficit
