F-3 To F-5

Question 1

What is science?

Answer 1

From Latin scientia = “state or fact of knowing; what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information; application.

Oh way of trying to figure out some thing, or what you saw. Questioning the things around you. 

Question 2

The method of scientific inquiry

Answer 2

1) Observation
2) Question
3)Hypothesis
4)Prediction
5)Test the prediction

2 ways this can result.
Hypothesis is supported.
6) Interaction time
Question why/how it was the case.

Hypothesis is not supported
6) Interaction time.
Start the process over again

A more detailed description.

Characterization-
Before a new hypothesis is formulated, researchers today usually know a fair amount about the subject under study. This characterization comes from years of their own experiments as well as the published research of other scientists working in the same discipline.

Hypothesis
Based on earlier findings, create a testable and falsifiable explanation (a hypothesis) of the information gathered. Hypotheses may be expressed in words or in mathematical equations

Experiments
Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test the predictions of the hypothesis, that is, what you would expect to observe if the hypothesis were correct. The experiment must be clearly defined so that it can be repeated by others.

Interpretation Of The Results
Compare the results from the experiment with those predicted by the hypothesis. If the results do not match the predictions, the hypothesis is refuted, and it must be rejected or revised. If the prediction was correct, the hypothesis is supported. The data from one set of experiments are subsequently used to develop additional hypotheses to be tested

Question 3

(Scientific) hypothesis

Answer 3

Testable answer to a question about one or more observations (Usually how or why question).

Or

Can be defined as a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation.

Scientific hypotheses have two fundamental elements.

First, a hypothesis must be testable. That is, there must be some set of observations or experi-ments that can be undertaken to support the hypothesis.

Second key to a scientific hypothesis is that it must be falsifiable. This means that through observation or experimen-tation, you must be able to show that the original hypothesis may not be correct.

Question 4

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 4

Alternative hypothesis that you are not testing in your study but that you would consider if your initial scientific hypothesis is not supported. 

Question 5

Prediction

Answer 5

Phenomenon that should be observable if a hypothesis is true.

If hypothesis, then prediction.

Question 6

Scientific method

Answer 6

an investigative approach to acquiring knowledge in which scientists make observations about the natural world, develop working explanations about what they observe, and then test those explanations by collecting more information.

Application of the scientific method requires both curiosity and skepticism: successful scientists question the current state of our knowledge and challenge old concepts with new ideas and new observations. Explanations of natural phenomena must be backed up by objective evidence rooted in observa-tion and measurement. Most importantly, scientists share their ideas and results by publishing their work.

Question 7

Replicates

Answer 7

Nearly all experiments in biology include replicates, multi-ple subjects that receive either the same experimental treat-ment or the same control treatment. Scientists use replicates in experiments because individuals typically vary in genetic makeup, size, health, or other characteristics—and because accidents may disrupt a few replicates. By exposing multiple subjects to both treatments, we can use a statistical test to compare the average result of the experimental treatment with the average result of the control treatment, giving us more confidence in the overall findings.

Question 8

Qualities of indigenous ways of knowing and Science

Answer 8

Organizing Principles:
• Holistic
• Includes physical and meta-physical world, linked to moral code
• emphasis on practical applica-tion of skills and knowledge

Habits of mind:
• trust for inherited wisdom
• respect for all things

Skills and procedures:
• practical experimentation
• qualitative oral record
• local verification
• communication of metaphor and story connected to life, values, and proper behaviour

Knowledge:
• integrated and applied to all daily living and traditional subsistence practices

Common ground
Organizing Principles:
• universe is unified
•body of knowledge stable but subject to modification

Habits of mind:
• honesty, inquisitiveness
• perseverance
• open-mindedness

Skills and procedures:
• empirical observation in natural settings pattern recognition
• verification through repetition
• inference and prediction

Knowledge:
• plant and animal behaviour, cycles, habitat needs, interdependence
• properties of objects and materials
• position and motion of objects
• cycles and changes in earth and sky

Science
Organizing Principles:
• part to whole
•limited to evidence and ex- planation within physical world
• emphasis on understanding how

Habits of mind:
• skepticism

Skills and procedures:
• hypothesis falsification
• global verification
• tools expand scale of direct and indirect observation and measurement
• communication of procedures, evidence, and theory
• quantitative written record

Knowledge:
• discipline-based
• micro and macro theory(e.g., cell biology and physiology,atomic theory, plate tectonics)
• mathematical models

Question 9

Theory

Answer 9

When many different tests have consistently confirmed a hypothesis.
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Theory— Scientifically excepted and will sustained explanation of a natural phenomenon.
•Less likely to be contradicted by future data.