f Flashcards
Countries that are of relatively low income or economically poorer than developed countries
Developing (Industrializing) Country
The practice of killing infants
Infanticide
People born between 1965-1980 and are now in their prime working years
Generation X
Ethnic homeland in the US South
Black Belt
A person with temporary permission to work in another country
Guest worker
Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory
Diaspora
People who leave their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion
Refugees
The average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize population over time. Approximately 2.1.
Replacement Level Fertility
Short-term and cyclical movement that occurs repeatedly on a regular basis
Circulation
Deaths of children under five years of age
Child Mortality
People who today subscribe to the Malthusian view of population
Neo-Malthusian
The age that divides a poplaution into two halves so that one half is younger than this age and the other half is older
Median Age
The forced removal of one ethnic group by another ethnic group to create an ethnically consistant territory
Ethnic Cleansing
People who arrive at their destination country
Immigrants
The number of years it takes for a population to double in size
Doubling Time
The complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destinations
Intervening Obstacles
People who disagree with the Malthusian view of population and resources
Anti-Malthusians
Conceptualizes how crude birth and crude death rate as well as the resulting rate of natural increase change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
The average number of people per unit area (a square mile or kilometer) of arable land
Physiological Denisty
Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky’s conclusion that there are regularities in migration as an essential component of a country’s modernization process
Zelinsky’s Mobility Transition Model
The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
A CBR greater than 30 births per 1000 people
High Birth Rate
When moves are made across National Borders
International Migration
States located in the northern and midestern parts of the United States
Snowbelt
The method for calculating total population of a country or place based on natural increase and migration over a period of time (usually a year)
Demographic Equation
Migration that is done willingly
Voluntary Migration
The portion of Earth’s surface with permanent human settlment
Ecumene
Designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates
Anti-natalist Policies
The relatively stable relationship between the odds of migration and age across different countries
Migration Age Profile
A phenomenon where a country or a place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration
Brian Drain
The pattern in which humans are spread out on Earth’s Surface
Population Distribution
When people move within the borders of a country
Internal (Interregional) Migration
Migrants going back, or returning, to their previus place of residence or origin.
Return Migration
The difference between the number of immigrants and emmigrants
Net migraiton
A gauge of the impact of migration on population change, determined by dividing a country’s net migration by its total population then multiplying by 1000
Net Migration Rate (NMR)
A term derived from the name Thomas Robert Malthus, an English economist and cleric, to mean either “of or relating to Malthus’s theory” or “a follower of Malthus”
Malthusian
When refugees or displaced persons return to their home country
Repatriated
People who do not move
stayers
The number of farmers per unit of arable land
Agricultural Density
The degree of equality between men and women with respect to access to and control over both physical and social resources in the family community or society at large
Womens status
The state of being comfortable, healthy or happy
Human well being
Theory asserting that two contrasting sets of factors are at work in migration decisions
Push-Pull Theory of Migration
A Measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births
Infant morality rate
The ratio of the number of men to number of women in a population
Sex Ratio
A person who migrates or moves
Migrant
Refers to the breakdown of a population into different age groups or cohorts
Age structure
The average number of people per unit area (a square mile or kilometer) of arable land
Physiological Denisty
Seeks to explain how changes in health serices and living standards affect patterns of disease
Epdemiological Transition Theory
The number of dependents in a population, that each 100 working age people (ages 15-64) must support
Dependency Ratio
The twentieth-century movement of 6 million African Americans from rural southern states to the cities of the midwestern and northeastern states
THe great migration
Migration based on the time of year
Seasonal migration
When migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they have migrated
Transnational Migration
The attributes of other places tha make them appealing to potential migrants
Pull factors
States in the coastal areas and the South and Southwest United States
Sunbelt
Increase in food production resulting from the use of new farming methods
Boserup Effect
Land suitable for cultivation
Arable Land
Heavily populated areas that illustrated the unevenness in global population distribution; geographers have identified four population clusters on Earth: South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe
Population clusters
Mobility that implies a change in social hierarchy
Social (upward) Mobility
The makeup of the population by age and sex as well as by ethnic, racial, income and educational background
Population Composition
The average number of people per unit of land area (usually per square mile or kilometer)
Arithmetic (Crude) Density
A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away
Intervening opportunity
Designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates
Anti-natalist Policies
The number of elderly dependents in a population (usually older than 64) that every 100 working-age people must support
Elderly Dependency Ratio
People born from 1946-1964 during the post World War II uptick in Birth rate
Baby Boomers
When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year, its RNI is zero
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
Factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else
Push Factors
A disease that causes deterioration over time, such as canver, heart disease, and stroke
Degenerative Disease
Moves that occur within a metropolitian area
Residential Mobility
The average number of children born per woman during her reporductive lifetime, considered to be from 15-49 years old.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
A branch of medicine that studies the distribution, determinants, and control of diseases and other health conditions, such as tobacco use and sedentary lifestyle
Epidemiology
People born after the turn of the twenty-first century
Gen z
Migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places
Step Migration
The number of deaths per year per 1000 people
Crude Death Rate (CDR) or Mortality Rate
People who were born between 1981-2000; often referred to as millennials
Generation Y
The increased autonomy of women to make choices and shape their lives
Women’s Empowerment
Migration caused by forces out of one’s control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects
FOrced Migration
The process by which some people’s migration to a new place leads their family members, friends and others to move to the same place
Chain Migration
A very useful graphic device for comparing age and sex structure
Population pyramid
People’s friends and relatives
Social networks
When people move from the countryside to cities
Rural to urban Migration
Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth
Pro-natalist Policies
All forms of geographical movement, including people’s everyday commuting and travel
Spatial Mobility
A phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures
Transhumance
The flow of all migrants in the direction opposite a particular migration stream, from its destination back to the origin
Counterstream
Permanent movement within one region of a country, such as moving from the suburbs to the big city.
Intraregional Migration
Culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man or woman
Gender Roles
Someone who remain within his or her country;s borders despite being persecuted by their home country
Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)
The number of people a particular environment (or Earth as a whole) can support on a sustainble basis
Carrying capacity
A CBR between 10-20 births per 1000 people
Low birth rate
The statistical study of population and its change
Demography
The number of young dependents in a population (usually younger than 15) that every 100 working age people must support
Youth Dependency ratio
A phenomenon where a country or a place gains young, more educated and skilled people through migration
brain Gain
occurs when the human population exceeds the food supply
Overpopulation
A CBR between 20-30 births per 1000 people
Transitional Birth Rate
The act of a migrant leaving their place (country) of origin
Emigration
The average number of births per 1000 people; the traditional way of measuring birth rates
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
A tool for calculating the doubling time of a population by dividing 70 by a country’s rate of natural increase (RNI)
RUle of 70
