Eyes- General Sxs Flashcards
what does PERRLA stand for?
pupils are equal round and reactive to light and accommodation
what are general sxs associated with vision?
- vision loss
- errors of refraction
- conjunctival discharge
- eyestrain
- photophobia
- scotoma
- floaters
- H/A w/eye sxs
- field defects
- dry eyes
- eye contusion
- ‘red eye’
what do you ask with vision loss?
- rate of onset
- pain or no pain
- central or peripheral
- unilateral or bilateral
what are the types of errors of refraction?
- hyperopia
- myopia
- astigmatism
- presbyopia
what is hyperopia?
- far sightedness
- most common
- eye ball is too short
what is myopia?
- near sightedness
- faraway objects blurry
- eyeball is too long
what is astigmatism?
-refraction is unequal in different parts of eye, cornea or lens different surface curvature
what is presbyopia?
-slow loss of ability to see close objects or small print b/c lens less pliable and cannot accommodate in response to action of ciliary muscles
what do you ask with conjunctival d/c? causes?
- color, quality, quantity, irritating?
- bac, viral or allergic rxn can cause
what causes eyestrain?
- always looking w/in 20”
- sensation of tired eyes
- increasing difficulty to focus or seeing, eye dryness, H/A
what is photophobia? causes?
- abnormal visual intolerance to light
- eye infection, eye injury, cataracts, allergies,conjunctivitis, migraine H/A
what is a scotoma?
- blind spot
- area of complete or partial blindness
- scintillating scotoma= luminous patch in visual field, can be migraine prodrome
what are floaters?
- deposits w/in vitreous humor
- visible b/c cast shadows on retina or refraction of light that passes them
what causes floaters?
- developmental, acquired
- autoimmune uveitis
- diabetic retinopathy
- posterior vitreous detachment w/aging
what cause H/As w/eye sxs?
- cluster H/As
- migraines
- sinusitis
what is hemianopia?
blindness or decreased vision in half of visual field of one or both eyes
ALL ARE CONCERNING
what is homonymous hemianopsia? where is the problem usu?
- same side of both eyes, lose pupillary reflexes
- usu optic tract problem
what is cross hemianopsia? where is the problem usu?
- opposite sides
- often pituitary problem
what is quadrant hemianopsia?
- pupil reflex present as optic tract not affected
- level of brain
what can cause dry eyes?
- aging
- mal-positioned eyelids
- chemical burn to eye
- medications
- climate
- dry eye syndromes*
- post-eye surgery
- vitamin A deficiency
what is a dry eye syndrome?
-keratoconjunctivitis sicca: bilateral dryness from lack of tears, more common in F, redness, swelling, itching, burning, perhaps reduced vision
what can cause an eye contusion?
- blunt trauma
- ice for 24hrs then alt w/heat
- arnica, edum, symphytum homeopathics
- suture minors
what can cause red eye?
- hemorrhage of conjunctival vessels
- injection
how does hemorrhage of conjunctival vessels present?
- sclera gets red
- due to minor trauma (or coughing, sneezing or straining)
- not painful
- no vision change
- not pathological
