Eyes, Ears, Nose + Skin Flashcards
glaucoma
most common form = open angle glaucoma
open angle glaucoma
due to restricted drainage of aqueous humour through trabecular meshwork -> ocular hypotension
open angle glaucoma tx
-prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost, taflupost, travoprost, bimatropost)
-if initial x work then topical bblocker = betaxolol, levobunolol, timolol
-if ^ x work then carbonic arhydrasse inhibitor = brinzolamide or dorzolamide
-brimonidine + pilocarpine can also be used
prostaglandin analogues
-dry eyes
-ocular discomfort
-changes to eye colour
-hyperpigmentation of peri-ocular skin
-darkening, thickening + lengthening of eyelashes
otitis media
-1st line amox
-2nd line (worsening depsite 2/3DY of tx) = co-amox
-penicillin allergy = clarithromycin (erytho = pregn)
otitis externa
-1st line = topical acetic acid 2%
-2ns line = topical neomycin sulphate + corticosteroid
-if systemic = fluclox
nasal rhinitis + congestion
- rhinitis = nasal sprays/drops
->NaCl, antihistamines, corticosteroids, ipratropium, xylomezoline
–> only 7DY can be used in pregn (<systemic absorption)
nasal polyps
-review by ENT specialist
-use nasal corticosteroids
nasal staphylococci
-naseptin (pesuritis) or mupirocin
scabies
red spots with sliverly interlinking lines usually in webbings of fingers of toes
scabies tx
-apply malathion or perimethrin TWICE 1 week apart
-apply to whole body incl scalp, neck, face + ears
-tx all members of family
-avoid physical contact
headlice
live moving lice with white eggs distributed
wet combing
comb for 30 mins at 4-day intervals till no lice found for 3 sessions min 2WK
headlice DIMETICONE
apply for 8HR to dry naturally * repeat after 7DY
headlice malathion
-apply for 12HR to dry naturally * repeat after 7DY
-avoid in severe ezcema or asthma due to alcohol content
headlice benzyl benzoate + permethrin
x recommendd
headlice MHRA
-some preparations = flammable
eczema
-dry flaky skin = small red spots
eczema main types
-irritant
-allergic/contact
-atopic
eczema tx
-emollients either to apply as bath + shower emollients
->avoid aqueous cream due to skin reaction risk
-topical corticosteroids (mild-face/genital)
-antihistamine (x atopic)
-mild to moderate = pimercolimus
-mod-severe = tacrolimus
severe refractory eczema
-systemic meds - ciclosporin, azathioprine, myclophenate mofetil, MoAbs
psoriasis
-skin thickening + slivery white scaling, raised + larger patches plaques
-systemic, immune mediated inflammatory skin (joints) disease
psoriasis tx
-emollients
-topical corticosteroids
-coal tar preparations
-vit D (topical/analogues)
-when topical tx x work
->phototherapy UVA/UVB through trained professionals
-systemic tx = methotrexate, ciclosporin, acitretin (2nd)
mild topical corticosteroids
hydrocortisone
