Eyes Flashcards
Glaucoma
a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, usually high pressure. Can me minimized, but not cured.
Cataracts
clouding of the lens of the eye, causing blurry vision. Can have a surgery to replace lens with an artificial one.
Diplopia
double vision
Myopia
nearsightedness
Hyperopia
farsightedness
Nystagmus
fine rhythmic oscillation of the eyes
A few beats at far lateral gaze is normal
Strabismus
cross-eyed (due to weakness in muscle also called lazy eye)
“floaters”:
vitreous becomes more liquid and more solid spots cast shadows in vision (due to aging)
Visual Acuity
snellen chart
visual fields by confrontation
cover/uncover test
Visual fields by confrontation
Wiggle fingers to test for lesions lateral fields of vision
Cover/uncover test
Used to determine a slight muscle imbalance not otherwise seen
Cardinal directions of gaze
Extraocular movements 6 directions Checks the action of 4 rectus muscles and 2 oblique muscles.
Add convergence
Papilledema
increased ICP
cotton wool spots
due to diabetes
Blepharitis:
Infection of eyelid affecting the lashes
Ptosis
eyelid droop
Stye
most commonly found at or near at rin of eyelash follicle; bilateral infection either at the root of the eyelash, follicle or in the oil glands of the lids; tenderness and swelling; spontaneous drainage or warm compression
Chalazion
most commonly found above eyelashes on the upper lid; a blocked oil gland; firm lump; warm compression, abx eyedrops, surgery
Eye Red Flags
Chemical burns
Halos around lights or flashing lights (can be retinal detachment)
Curtains closing on the lateral edges of vision (can be retinal detachment)
Herpetic lesions
Abnormal pupils (intracranial pressure, brain damage/tissue)
Corneal damage (treatment for corneal abrasion, abx stick and patch the eye)
Absent red reflex (neuroblastoma, ptosis, xanthelasmas – bulging eye due to hyperthyroidism or grave disease)
