Eyes

Question 1

Glaucoma

Answer 1

a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, usually high pressure. Can me minimized, but not cured.

Question 2

Cataracts

Answer 2

clouding of the lens of the eye, causing blurry vision. Can have a surgery to replace lens with an artificial one.

Question 3

Diplopia

Answer 3

double vision

Question 4

Myopia

Answer 4

nearsightedness

Question 5

Hyperopia

Answer 5

farsightedness

Question 6

Nystagmus

Answer 6

fine rhythmic oscillation of the eyes

A few beats at far lateral gaze is normal

Question 7

Strabismus

Answer 7

cross-eyed (due to weakness in muscle also called lazy eye)

Question 8

“floaters”:

Answer 8

vitreous becomes more liquid and more solid spots cast shadows in vision (due to aging)

Question 9

Visual Acuity

Answer 9

snellen chart
visual fields by confrontation
cover/uncover test

Question 10

Visual fields by confrontation

Answer 10

Wiggle fingers to test for lesions lateral fields of vision

Question 11

Cover/uncover test

Answer 11

Used to determine a slight muscle imbalance not otherwise seen

Question 12

Cardinal directions of gaze

Answer 12

Extraocular movements
6 directions
Checks the action of 
4 rectus muscles and 
2 oblique muscles.

Add convergence

Question 13

Papilledema

Answer 13

increased ICP

Question 14

cotton wool spots

Answer 14

due to diabetes

Question 15

Blepharitis:

Answer 15

Infection of eyelid affecting the lashes

Question 16

Ptosis

Answer 16

eyelid droop

Question 17

Stye

Answer 17

most commonly found at or near at rin of eyelash follicle; bilateral infection either at the root of the eyelash, follicle or in the oil glands of the lids; tenderness and swelling; spontaneous drainage or warm compression

Question 18

Chalazion

Answer 18

most commonly found above eyelashes on the upper lid; a blocked oil gland; firm lump; warm compression, abx eyedrops, surgery

Question 19

Eye Red Flags

Answer 19

Chemical burns
Halos around lights or flashing lights (can be retinal detachment)
Curtains closing on the lateral edges of vision (can be retinal detachment)
Herpetic lesions
Abnormal pupils (intracranial pressure, brain damage/tissue)
Corneal damage (treatment for corneal abrasion, abx stick and patch the eye)
Absent red reflex (neuroblastoma, ptosis, xanthelasmas – bulging eye due to hyperthyroidism or grave disease)