Eyes Flashcards
- signs and symptoms: itchy, burning, red swollen lid margin
- flakes/heavy crusting on the lashes
- lid redness and swelling
- foam along lid margin
- blocked meibomian glands
- can be associated with rosacea
***Most COMMON cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults
Mgmt: wash eyelids with baby shampoo, warm compresses and artificial tears.
Blepharitis/ Meibomian Gland Disease
What do you have to monitor with use of ocular topical steroids?
Intraocular pressure of eye
Also referred to as a “stye”
painful abscess of a hair follicle and sebaceous gland in the upper or lower eyelid
Hordeolum
A chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (specialized sweat gland) of the eyelids
It may resolve spontaneously in 2-8 weeks
starts as a hordeolum but hardens over time
NOT PAINFUL
Mgmt: 10 minute warm compresses and lid massage
if chronic can give docycycline 100mg bid
Chalazion
Uncompleted lid closure associated with exophthalmos (hyperthyroidism)
Lagophthalmos
T/F Most cases of adult conjunctivitis are from viral and allergic causes
True
Can have crusting/mucous on eyelids and eyes in the morning but not typically all day long
tearing and burning
very contagious
usually starts in one eye and then spreads to the other eye
need to wash all pillow cases and bed linen and clothing that came in contact with eye
associated with recent upper respiratory infection
management: preservative free artificial eye drops and cold compresses
self resolving in 2-3 weeks
refer if pain on blink or change in vision
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
What are two causes of complicated bacterial conjunctivitis seen in the newborns?
Gonorrhea (ophthalmia neonatorum) and Chlamydia
Beefy red eyes
copious, mucous discharge from eyes ALL day
itching and irritation
management with topical antibiotics and child cannot return to school until 48 hours after starting antibiotics
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Blood that is trapped underneath the conjunctiva and sclera secondary to broken arterioles (burst blood vessel)
Can be caused by coughing, sneezing, heavy lifting, vomiting, local trauma or can occur spontaneously.
resolves within 1-3 weeks (reabsorbed) like a bruise
increased risk if on aspirin, anticoagulants and patient has hypertension
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
What is another name for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca?
Dry eyes
What is the name of the test that determines the amount of tear production a patient has?
Schrimers test and it is used for diagnosis of dry eyes
T/F Patients with dry eyes should use visine or eye drops with vasoconstrictors in it as this will help the condition
False
Visine and vasoconstricting eye drops will worsen the condition and causes rebound effect= more dryness
Is the following condition consistent with pre-septal cellulitis or orbital cellulitis?
s/s: no pain on eye movement, eyes are not that red, no change in vision, optic nerve not swollen, and no or mild fever.
starts as a hordeolum or upper respiratory infection
managed with augmentin or Keflex for 10 days and warm compresses
Pre-Septal Cellulitis
Is the following episcleritis or scleritis?
Redness will blanch with 10% topical phenylephrine solution and episcleral vessels will be mobile on palpation?
Episcleritis
This eye condition can be seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, crohns disease, ulcerative collitis
Episcleritis
usually nodular, sectorial with mild pain or tenderness
Is Episcleritis usually unilateral or bilateral eye involvement?
Unilateral
if bilateral or recurrent do bloodwork
This condition usually resolves on its own but can give topical steroids for comfort
Describe scleritis
dull pain deeper in eye
with dark red or bluish hue to the sclera
needs ophthalmology referral
eye does NOT blanch with phenylephrine test and will remain red with test
can lead to perforation and vision loss
treated with NSAIDs (indomethacin) and topical agent
What do you treat Herpes Simplex of the eye with?
Oral OR topical anti viral agents
What do you treat Herpes Zoster with?
ONLY ORAL anti viral medications
**needs urgent referral to ophthalmologist because can cause blindness if not treated quickly