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Assessments & Fundamentals II > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Eye anatomy

A
  • upper eyelid
  • paplpebral fissure
  • lateral canthus
  • lower eyelid
  • pupil
  • iris
  • sclera
  • medial canthus
  • caruncle
  • limbus
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2
Q

Three concentric coats

A

scler
choroid
retina

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3
Q

Normal pressure in eye

A

10-22 mmHg

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4
Q

Arcus senilis

A

-deposit of whitish substance around iris

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5
Q

Crainal Nerves

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibocochlear
  9. Glossopharyngeal
  10. Vagus
  11. Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
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6
Q

Subjective data for eye

A

-Health history

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7
Q

Health History

A

-biographic data
-present health/HPI
-past Health
=medication
=allergies
-family history
-review of system
-functional assessments

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8
Q

hyperopia

A

far sighted

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9
Q

myopia

A

near sighted

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10
Q

What do you do during physical assessment

A
  • palpation

- inspection

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11
Q

Eye exam of external structure

A
  • general appearance
  • eyebrows
  • eyelids/lashes
  • eyeball
  • conjunctiva
  • sclera
  • lacrimal apparatus
  • cornea and lens
  • iris
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12
Q

Snellen Test

A
  • have patient stand with heels against mark 20 feet from chart
  • cover right eye with index card and read lowest line that could be read with ease
  • repeat with left eye covered
  • repeat with neither eye covered
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13
Q

Decrease in visual acuity affects which cranial nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 2 (optic nerve)

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14
Q

What is it if the anterior chamber is blocked?

A

Closed angle glaucoma

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15
Q

How do you present Snellen test with someone with corrective lenses?

A

Do it once with and do it once without corrective lenses.

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16
Q

Normal pupil size

A

3 to 5 mm

17
Q

What is constriction of the pupil?

A

myosis

18
Q

What is dilation of the pupil?

A

mydriasis

19
Q

What drugs cause pupillary dilation

A

mydriatics

20
Q

Confrontation test

A
  • stand in front of patient about 2 feet away; have patient cover right eye with index card, while nurse cavers her left eye and say “now” when patient could see the nurse hand coming in from different angles (50 degrees superiorly, 90 degrees temporally, 60 degrees nasally, and 70 degrees inferiorly)
  • repeat with opposite eye covered
21
Q

Test for extraoccular muscles

A

corneal light reflex/hirschberg test

  • instruct patient to stare straight ahead then the nurse will shine a penlight about 12 inches away at the midpoint between the two eyes on the bridge of the nose
  • corneal light reflex should be at same time on each eye
22
Q

when testing extraoccular, some _______ nstagmus is normal

A

lateral

23
Q

exotropia

A

form of strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one or both of the eyes turn outward

24
Q

esotropia

A

form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turns inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a “cross-eyed” appearance

25
Q

cover test

A
  • instruct the patient to stare at the nurse’s nose while the nurse covers the left eye of the patient
  • note the gaze of the uncovered eye followed by the covered eye
  • next the nurse covers the right eye of the patient with an index card
  • note the gaze of the uncovered eye followed by the covered eye
26
Q

Pupil test

A

-pupillary light reflex
-normal pupil: PERLA
-size 3-5 mm, bilaterally; symmetrical
-shape round, bilaterally; symmetrical
Procedure:
-darkened the room and measure pupil size bilateral
-move penlight in outer to inner canthus of left eye, observe the direct light reflex of the left pupiland the consensual light reflex of the right pupil
-repeat for the other side
-darken the room when doing this test

27
Q

anisocoria

A

-uneven dilation of the pupils

28
Q

PERLA

A

pupils equally round, reactive to light and accomodation

29
Q

Accomodation test

A

-instruct patient to look at the wall behind the nurse then shift the gaze to a pen that the nurse placed about 3 inches in front of a patient nose
(pupils constrict when looking at the pen)

30
Q

Red reflex

A
  • bring a patient into a dark room and have him/her sit down and look straight ahead
  • the nurse will put the olphthalmascope to nurse’s left eye with left hand ti inspect the patient’s left eye
31
Q

How to change the color of the olphthalmoscope

A

counterclockwise for green and clockwise for red

  • green light helps us see veins/arteries
  • green color is responsible for near nearsightedness
  • red color is responsible for farsightedness

Assessments & Fundamentals II (5 decks)

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