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Assessments & Fundamentals II > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal finding with increasing age?

A

Increased systolic BP

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2
Q

135 BPM in 3 month old

A

normal

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3
Q

When assessing carotid arteries in an older adult

A

listen with the bell of the stethoscope to assess for bruits

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4
Q

Precordium

A

area on anterior chest overlying heart and great vessels

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5
Q

During contraction ___ beats against chest wall, producing an apical pulse

A

apex

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6
Q

Heart has __________ chambers: atria and ventricles

A

4

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7
Q

Pulmonary _____ return freshly oxygenated blood to left side of heart, and ______ carries it out to body

A

veins; artery

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8
Q

What are the layers of the heart

A
  1. pericardium
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
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9
Q

thin-walled reservoir for holding blood

A

Atrium

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10
Q

thick-walled, muscular pumping chamber

A

Ventricle

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11
Q

tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart

A

pericardium

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12
Q

muscular wall of the heart, it does pumping

A

myocardium

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13
Q

thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers and valves

A

endocardium

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14
Q

Heart has __ pump system

A

2

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15
Q

Four chambers separated by ____, whose main purpose is to prevent backflow of blood

A

valves

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16
Q

Valves are unidirectional which means:

A

they can only open one way

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17
Q

Valves open and close ______ in response to pressure gradients in moving blood

A

passivley

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18
Q

Valves open and close ______ in response to pressure gradients in moving blood

A

passively

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19
Q

AV valves open during heart’s filling phase, or ________, to allow ventricles to fill with blood

A

diastole

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20
Q

During pumping phase, or ______, AV valves close to prevent regurgitation of blood back up into atria

A

systole

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21
Q

What causes S1 and S2 sound?

A

the closure of the valve

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22
Q

Abnormally high pressure in _____ side of heart gives a person symptoms of pulmonary congestion

A

left

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23
Q

Abnormally high pressure in ______ side of heart shows in neck veins and abdomen

A

right

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24
Q

Superior vena cava drains _______ blood from the head and upper extremities

A

venous

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25
Q

From RA, venous blood travels through ________ valve to right ventricle (RV)

A

tricuspid

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26
Q

From RV, venous blood flows through ______ valve to pulmonary artery

A

semilunar ?

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27
Q

Pulmonary artery delivers _____________ blood to lungs

A

deoxygenated

28
Q

From LA, arterial blood travels through _____ valve to LV

A

mitral

29
Q

Aorta delivers ___________ blood to body

A

oxygenated

30
Q

Blood flows from area of ________pressure to area of lower pressure

A

higher

31
Q

ventricles relax and fill with blood; this takes up two thirds of cardiac cycle

A

diastole

32
Q

heart’s contraction, blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries; this is one third of cardiac cycle

A

systole

33
Q

Ventricles relaxed, and AV valves, tricuspid and mitral, are _____; opening of normal valve is silent

A

open

34
Q

Pressure in atria higher than that in ventricles, so blood pours rapidly into ___________

A

ventricles

35
Q

Note that ______ systole occurs during ventricular diastole, a confusing but important point

A

atrial

36
Q

Ventricular pressure becomes higher than that in atria, so mitral and tricuspid valves ______

A

close

37
Q

Closure of AV valves contributes to ____ heart sound (S_) and signals beginning of systole

A

first;1

38
Q

___________ contraction: this contraction against closed system works to build high level pressure in ventricles

A

Isometric

39
Q

When pressure in ventricle finally exceeds pressure in aorta, _______ valve opens and blood is ejected rapidly

A

aortic

40
Q

This closure of semilunar valves causes ______ heart sound (S__) and signals end of systole

A

second;2

41
Q

semilunar valves are the

A

aortic and pulmonary

42
Q

But pressures in right side of heart are much _______ than those of left side because less energy needed to pump blood to its destination, pulmonary circulation

A

lower

43
Q

In first heart sound, ______ component (M1) closes just before tricuspid component (T1)

A

mitral

44
Q

With S2, _______ closure (A2) occurs slightly before pulmonic closure (P2)

A

aortic

45
Q

Occurs with closure of ________ and thus signals beginning of systole

A

AV

46
Q

That means that during inspiration, intrathoracic pressure is _____________

A

decreased

47
Q

S3 occurs when ________ resistant to filling during early rapid filling phase (protodiastole)

A

ventricles

48
Q

S3 occurs immediately after S__, when AV valves open and atrial blood first pours into ventricles

A

2

49
Q

The school nurse hears an extra heart sound on a 16-yo male athlete. The nurse believes this is because

A
  1. an extra heart sound in a child or young adult is considered physiologically normal
50
Q

Occurs at end of ________at presystole, when ventricle resistant to filling

A

diastole

51
Q

These result in a _________ much like a pile of stones or a sharp turn in a stream creates a noisy water flow

A

murmur

52
Q

A ________ is a gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on chest wall

A

murmur

53
Q

Velocity of blood ________ (flow murmur), for example, in exercise, thyrotoxicosis

A

increases

54
Q

Viscosity of blood __________ for example, in anemia

A

decreases

55
Q

Structural defects in _______, narrowed valve, incompetent valve

A

valves

56
Q

How do you describe heart sounds? 4 things

A
  1. frequency or pitch
  2. intensity or loudness
  3. duration
  4. timing
57
Q

How do you describe heart sounds? 4 things

A
  1. frequency or pitch
  2. intensity or loudness
  3. duration
  4. timing
58
Q

Where is atrial depolarization?

A

SA node

59
Q

P wave: ______________ of atria

A

depolarization

60
Q

___________ complex: depolarization of ventricles

A

QRS complex

61
Q

___ wave: repolarization of ventricles

A

T

62
Q

P-R interval: from beginning of _____________ to beginning of

A

P wave

63
Q

In resting adult, heart normally pumps between ___& __ L of blood per minute throughout body

A

4;6

64
Q

_____________ artery is a central artery

A

carotid

65
Q

__________ veins empty unoxygenated blood directly into superior vena cava

A

jugular

Assessments & Fundamentals II (5 decks)

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