Eyes Flashcards
Strabismus
glasses, patching, cycloplegic eye drops, visual training
Depravation amblyopia
remove obstruction
Refraction error ambylopia
glasses
amblyopia
eye patch, cycloplegic drops
CRAO
mannitol or acetazolamide oral nitrates CO2 lay on back massage orbit reduce IOP
CRVO
Reduction of macular edema with several injected vitreal agents, such as corticosteroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents
Laser treatment can be performed to reduce neovascularization
Treat underlying diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension
Evaluate for hypercoagulable states
Retinal detachment
laser surgery
Dry AMD
antioxidant vitamin combinations (Zinc/B/C/Beta carotene) and smoking cessation
Wet AMD
antioxidant vitamins, intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and laser eye surgery
Open angle glaucoma
lower IOP
Topical meds
Increase aqueous outflow: prostaglandins, alpha adrenergic agonists, cholinergic agonists
Decrease aqueous production: alpha adrenergic agonists, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Combination medications exist also.
Angle closure glaucoma
bb- timolol Pilocarpine Predisolone Apraclonidine Acetazolamide Mannitol
Diabetic retinopathy
dilated eye exam each year
monitor closely for mild to mod
laser photocoagulation
Malignant HTN
rapid lowering of the BP 10-15% in first hour of treatment and by 25% at end of day 1.
Hordoleum
Warm compress
Chalazion
hot compress or incision and drainage
Dacryoadenitis
Cephalexin 250mg to 1 gm q 6 hours
OR
Clindamycin 150-300 mg q 6 hours
Dacryocystitis
Cephalexin 250mg-1 gram qid
OR
Clindamycin 150-300 mg qid
Orbital cellulitis
Hospitalization is important for treatment with parenteral antibiotics
Vancomycin plus
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime or Ampicillin-sulbactam or Pipercillin-tazobactam
Pterygium
supportive (Artificial Tears) or sometimes, surgical excision but frequently recur
Pingexula
topical corticosteroids and topical ophthalmic NSAIDs, but those have risks as well long-term (especially corticosteroids)
Ectropion
refer
Entropium
refer
Hyphema
Use of an eye shield Bed rest and avoidance of bright light Elevate head of bed Pain control with ocular topical anesthetics, such as proparacaine Oral or IV narcotics
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
time
Uveitis
steroids
Bacterial Keratitis
REFER TO OPTHALMOLOGY FOR CULTURE AND THE APPROPRIATE TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS
Scleritis
systemic NSAIDs and immunosuppressants, especially glucocorticoids, often for several months
Episcleritis
self limiting
Diclofenac ophthalmic solution (NSAID)
Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution (steroid)
Blepharitis
Topical azithromycin solution (Azasite) x 4 weeks
Can also prescribe erythromycin topical or bacitracin ointments
Oral antibiotics have been used in severe cases, such as Azithromycin (five days), doxycycline or tetracycline (x 2-4 weeks)
Corneal Abrasion
idk
Bacterial conjunctivitis
bacitracin, neomycin/bacitracin, trimethoprim
azithromycin
Viral conjunctivitis
self limiting
Allergic conjunctivitis
Patanol, Pataday
Optivar
HSV keratitis
Trifluorothymidine 1% (Viroptic) drops
Ganciclovir 0.15% gel
Can use oral acyclovir (has been studied in HSV keratitis) and other orals such as valacyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir (not studied)
