Eyes

Question 1

what is the another name for a stye?

Answer 1

a Hordeolum

Question 2

what is a stye (Hordeolum) caused by?

Answer 2

inflammation from a gland (meibomian) on the eyelid, most commonly caused by staph aureus.

Question 3

what is the treatment for an external hordeolum (stye points towards skin surface)?

Answer 3

warm compresses, may drain spontaneously. Prescribe erythromycin ointment 2-4 times daily

Question 4

what is the treatment for an internal hordeolum (stye points toward conjunctiva side of the lid)?

Answer 4

hot packs and oral dicloxacillin 500 mg daily for 7 days

Question 5

what is conjunctivitis?

Answer 5

also known as pink eye
it refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva resulting from a variety of causes which can be allergies, bacterial, viral, or irritation

Question 6

viral conjunctivitis is associated with what population?

Answer 6

adults

Question 7

bacterial conjunctivitis is associated with what population?

Answer 7

children

Question 8

what is the most common type of conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

allergic conjunctivitis

Question 9

what is the recommended treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 9

cold compresses. antihistamine taken daily, decongestant

Question 10

what is the most common symptom associated with allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 10

itchiness of eye

Question 11

are antibiotics needed to treat conjunctivitis?

Answer 11

No, most resolve on their own in 7 to 14 days

Question 12

what are some symptoms of pink eye?

Answer 12

gritty sensation, red eyes, burning eyes, itchy eyes, painful eyes, watery eyes, puffy eyelids, blurry or hazy vision, being sensitive to light, lots of mucous, pus or thick yellow discharge from eye

Question 13

what is blepharitis?

Answer 13

inflammation of the eyelid margin

Question 14

what is some home treatments for blepharitis?

Answer 14

alkaline soap, hot compresses 5-10 minutes, firm massage, cleanse lid with q-tip in 50;50 water and baby shampoo.

Question 15

what is the antibiotic treatment for blepharitis?

Answer 15

treatment is bacitracin, erythromycin, or azithromycin

Question 16

what is a chalazion?

Answer 16

most common inflammatory lesion of the eyelid

Question 17

what is the difference between a chalazion and a stye/hordeolum?

Answer 17

chalazion is an inflammatory lesion, not infectious and painless.

stye/hordeolum is caused by an infected oil gland that can cause pain.

Question 18

what are physical findings of chalazion?

Answer 18

PainLESS
lesion is firm and rubbery
increase swelling for weeks or months
duration longer than 2 weeks

Question 19

what is the recommended at home treatment for a chalazion?

Answer 19

warm compresses for 10 minutes x 4 times a day
warm soap and water
avoid squeezing lesion

Question 20

what antibiotic treats chalazion?

Answer 20

doxycycline/ azithromycin 5 day pack or metronidazole if tetracycline allergic

Question 21

when should you consult ophthalmology for a chalazion?

Answer 21

if symptoms persists for 1 month or more

Question 22

what are cataracts?

Answer 22

cataracts are cloudiness and opacification of the normally clear crystalline lens of the eye

Question 23

what is the first sign of cataracts?

Answer 23

difficulty driving at night, loss of nighttime vision

Question 24

what is absent in pediatric patients with cataracts?

Answer 24

decrease or absent red reflex in pediatric patients

(vision is assessed early on, if not present could indicate catracts)

Question 25

why should you never give a patient topical anesthetic eye drops?

Answer 25

because it can cause cornea decompensation, severe epithelial lining delay, and permanent damage.

Question 26

what is age related macular degeneration?

Answer 26

loss of central vision

Question 27

what are some risk factors for developing age related macular degeneration?

Answer 27

elderly age family hx ARMD smoking decrease omega 3 fatty acids hyperlipidemia obesity white

Question 28

what is glaucoma?

Answer 28

it is a chronic degenerative optic neuropathy in which the neuro-retinal rim of the optic nerve becomes progressively thinner, which enlarges the optic nerve cup

Question 29

primary Open-angle glaucoma is associated with what?

Answer 29

can occur with and without increase IOP

Question 30

what are the early stages of primary open angle glaucoma?

Answer 30

there are no early stages, which means going to eye doc is important

Question 31

what is the treatment for primary open angle glaucoma?

Answer 31

beta blockers (timolol) and prostaglandin inhibitors are first line

Question 32

what is angle-closure glaucoma associated with?

Answer 32

occurs when there is increased IOP and is associated with closure of the filtration angle or obstruction in the circulating pathway of the aqueous humor.

Question 33

what is strabismus?

Answer 33

a condition of the eyes in which the visual axes of the eyes are not aligned. The misalignment may be constant or intermittent and may vary depending on the gaze of direction.

Question 34

what is Estropia?

Answer 34

inward deviation of the non-fixing eye

Question 35

what is exotropia?

Answer 35

outward deviation of the non-fixing eye

Question 36

what is hypertropia?

Answer 36

vertical deviation of the non-fixing eye in which it is higher.

Question 37

what is hypotropia?

Answer 37

vertical deviation of the non-fixing eye in which it is lower.

Question 38

what is the treatment for strabismus?

Answer 38

glasses, prism

Question 39

what is loss of central vision?

Answer 39

macular degeneration

Question 40

what is loss of night time vision?

Answer 40

cataracts

Question 41

what is another name for dry eye syndrome?

Answer 41

Keratoconjunctivitis

Question 42

what is the term for excessive tearing?

Answer 42

epiphora

Question 43

If a patient has sudden onset of severe eye pain, vomiting, and headache what eye disease would you think of ?

Answer 43

acute glaucoma