Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEP > eyelids > Flashcards

eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

name the structures of the eyelid anterior to posterior

A

Skin

  1. Orbicularis oculi
  2. Fibrous layer
  3. Levator palpebrae superioris muscle 5. Müller muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the skin adnexa

A

ie deep in the dermis and includes the eyelashes and many types of glands:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of glands are found in skin adnexa

A
  • Eccrine glands: Sweat glands.

● Apocrine glands: Modified sweat glands (e.g. gland of Moll).

● Holocrine glands: Gland of Zeis, and meibomian glands. These glands
synthesize/secrete lipids and oily substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensory supply of the eyelid

A

● Lateral upper eyelid: Lacrimal nerve (CNV1).
● Upper eyelid: Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves (branches of frontal
nerve of CNV1).
● Medial canthal area: Infratrochlear nerve (branch of nasociliary nerve of
CNV1).
● Lower eyelid: Infraorbital nerve (CNV2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

role of the orbicularis oculi and the name of its components

nerve supply

A

A striated muscle arranged in concentric bands that functions in closing the eye. It has four parts: palpebral, orbital, lacrimal and ciliary parts. Nerve supply is via temporal and zygomatic branches of CNVII.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

role of LPS
nerve supply
orgination
type of muscle

A

A striated muscle responsible for eyelid retraction that originates at the lesser wing of the sphenoid to insert into the tarsal plate. Nerve supply is via the superior division of CNIII.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

role of the muller muscle
type of muscle
nerve supply

A

A smooth muscle innervated by the sympathetic nervous system which contributes to eyelid retraction. Originates from the aponeurosis of the levator to insert into the tarsal plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the different stimulus for blinking reflex

A

● Corneal stimulus: CNV1 (afferent), CNVII (efferent)
● Light stimulus: CNII (afferent), CNVII (efferent)
● Auditory stimulus: CNVIII (afferent), CNVII (efferent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the bell’s phenomenon

A

upward and outward rotation of the globe on forced lid closure. This is particularly obvious in patients with CNVII palsy, as the lid remains open when patients are asked to close their eyes. This phenomenon is regarded as a defensive mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a chalazion and pathology

A

sterile lipogranuloma that occurs due to obstruction of the meibomian glands and occasionally the gland of Zeis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

presentation of a chalazion

A

it presents over several weeks as a painless round nodule in the eyelid. If infected, it may become red, swollen and painful.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is associated with chalazion

A

blepharitis

acne rosacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mx of chalazion
conservative
medical
surgical

A

Management is mainly with hot compresses twice daily and use of oral
antibiotics if infected. Incision and curettage is also an option.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pathology of port wine stain

A

A congenital capillary malformation of the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

presentation of port wine

ass w what eye conditions

A

They present as pink/ purple well-demarcated patches that do not blanch on pressure and never cross the midline. Typically, they occur along the distribution of choroidal neovascularization (CNV)

overlying skin becomes hypertrophies and coarse

ass w ipsilateral glaucoma
episcleral haemangioma
iris heterochromia
diffuse choroidal haemangioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is associated with port wine stain

A

It may be associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is BCC

RFs

A

most common malignant eyelid tumour. They are slow growing and rarely metastasize.

fair skin
inability to tan
chronic exposure to sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

histopathology of BCC

A

Clusters of darkly staining basaloid cells with peripheral palisading arrangement of nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

features of BCC

A

Centrally ulcerated pearly edged papules with associated telangiectasia

● Location (from most common to least common)
Eye: Lower lid > medial canthus > upper lid > lateral canthus Lips: Upper lip > lower lip

ulcerative is the most common type unlike nodular or sclerosing
non metastasizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mx of BCC the name

A

Mohs micrographic surgical excision (layered excision of the tumour to allow better total clearance).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

features of SCC

A

Keratotic (e.g. scaly, crusty), ill-defined nodule that may ulcerate.

● Dome-shaped nodule with keratin-filled crater is typical in
keratoacanthoma.

20% metastise to regional lymph nodes

22
Q

Mx of SCC

A

Mohs surgery and radiotherapy

23
Q

what is sebaceous gland carcinoma

A

is tumour arises from meibomian glands or, less commonly, glands of Zeis

UNLIKE BCC or SCC it arises more commonly on the upper eyelid

24
Q

histopathology of sebaceous gland carcinoma

A

foamy vacuolated lipid-containing cytoplasm with hyperchromatic nuclei are seen

25
Q

features of sebaceous gland carcinoma

A

They are more common in elderly females and appear as a yellow nodule in the upper eyelid which may be mistaken for a chalazion.

26
Q

what is trichiasis

A

Misdirected growth of eyelash follicles, in which eyelashes grow towards the cornea or sclera

27
Q

common causes of trichiasis

A

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and blepharitis.

28
Q

what is distichiasis

A

Refers to the formation of a posterior row of eyelashes.

29
Q

causes of distichiasis

Mx

A
  1. congenital (AD inheritance) - thinner and shorter
    after 5 years maybe
    ass w lymphoedema of the legs
    upper eyelide Mx - crytotherapy and lammelar eyelide divsion
  2. acquired from chemical injury
  3. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  4. ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.

epilation
eclectrolysis
cryotherapy

30
Q

what is anterior blepharitis

A

inflammation of the skin around the base of the eyelashes and is

divided into
1. staphylococcal
or
2. seborrheic.

31
Q

what is posterior belpharitis

A

Inflammation of the meibomian gland around the eyelid margins due to gland dysfunction. May be associated with ocular rosacea.

32
Q

RFs of blepharitis

A

Dry eyes
● Seborrheic dermatitis
● Demodex folliculorum: Associated with ocular rosacea
● Long-term contact lens wear

33
Q

symptoms of blepharitis

A

Bilateral and symmetric, dry, gritty, crusted and red eyes

34
Q

signs of staphylococcus anterior blephariits

A

– Associated with atopic dermatitis
– Lid hyperaemia and swelling
– Hard scales and crusting of the bases of the lashes
– Tear film instability, dry eye syndrome and trichiasis may develop

35
Q

signs of seborrhoeic anterior blepharitis

A

– Associated with seborrheic dermatitis

– Soft scales and oily lid margins

36
Q

signs of posterior blepharitis

ass w

A

– Associated with acne rosacea
– Foamy and unstable tear film (due to abnormal meibomian gland
secretion, leading to excess lipid in tear film)
– Posterior lid margin hyperaemia and telangiectasia

37
Q

Mx for blepharitis

A

● Eyelid hygiene is the most important management.
● Antibiotics (e.g. tetracyclines, due to their ability to inhibit fatty acid
oxidation and lipase production).
● Tea tree oil may be used for demodex infestation.

38
Q

causes of ptosis

A

neurogenic (e.g. Horner syndrome, CNIII palsy)

myogenic (e.g. myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy)

involutional (age-related)

congenital (due to failure of development of the levator muscle).

39
Q

what is marcus gunn jaw-winking syndrome

A

congenital ptosis.

It presents as a ptotic lid that retracts when the ipsilateral pterygoid muscle is stimulated (e.g. chewing).

40
Q

what is dermatochalasis

A

Excessive skin of the upper eyelid leading to sagging, classically described as lateral hooding. This condition occurs in the elderly.

41
Q

what is blepharochalasis

A

This bilateral condition results from abnormal elastic eyelids causing recurrent episodes of painless oedema of the upper eyelids.

This leads to stretching and atrophy of the skin and subsequent skin folds and ptosis.

42
Q

what is floppy eyelid syndrome

A

middle-aged obese men
with obstructive sleep apnoea.
sleep facedown to pillow

The upper eyelid is extremely lax, which may lead to

papillary conjunctivitis and keratopathy.

43
Q

causes of lid retraction

A 
● Graves ophthalmopathy
● Parinaud syndrome (Collier sign)
● Third nerve misdirection
● Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome
● Progressive supranuclear palsy
● Down syndrome
● Congenital hydrocephalus (setting-sun appearance: bilateral downward
deviation of the globes with upper lid retraction)
44
Q

what is lid coloboma

A

Incomplete development of the eyelid due to the failure of lid fold fusion. It can occur in either the upper or lower eyelids.

45
Q

what is goldenhar syndrome

A

A sporadic condition characterized by upper lid coloboma, microphthalmia, optic disc coloboma, maxillary and mandibular hypoplasia, and limbal dermoids (smooth yellow subconjunctival mass, typically at the inferotemporal limbus with hair protrusion). May be associated with Duane retraction syndrome.

46
Q

lower eyelid coloboma

ass w

A

middle and outer thirds of the lower eyelid. Can be associated with Treacher Collins syndrome.

47
Q

what is hordeolum (stye)

A

stye is an External hordeolum is an infection of the glands of Zeis or Moll.

Internal hordeolum is an infection of the meibomian gland.

48
Q

features of a stye

cause
ass w

A

due to a staphylococcal infection and presents as a painful, erythematous swelling of the eyelid.

ass w staphylococcal blepharitis

49
Q

Mx of a stye

A

hot compresses, topical antibiotics and eyelid hygiene.

50
Q

signs of keratoanthoma

A

hyperkeratotic nodule

regressing a keratin filled crater may develop

51
Q

causes and Mx
of impetigo

erysipselas

necrtosing fascitis

A

staph aureues
- erythromycin or flucox

strep pyogenes - oral abx

same - benzylpenicillin

52
Q

examples of pseudoptosis

A

dermatochalasis, blepharochalasis, microphthalmus and phthisis bulbi (atrophic, non-functioning eye that occurs as a result of severe ocular disease).

DEP (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions