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Anatomy & Physiology > Eyelids > Flashcards

Eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

Insertion

A

The point of attachment of a tendon or ligament onto the skeleton or or their part of the body

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2
Q

The palpebral fissure

A

Gap or aperture between the eyelids

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3
Q

What are eyelids/palpebrae

A

Covered by skin externally

Covered by conjunctiva internally

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4
Q

Function of eyelid

A

Shield from minor injuries
Remove foreign objects (blinking)
Control light entry (improve distance vision-depth of field)
Contribute to and sustain tear film

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5
Q

Palpebral furrows

A

External folds in skin marking tarsal and septal join

Much individual variation

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6
Q

Epicanthal fold

A

Fold of skin in young occidental and young and old Asians

Present in the foetus or all races

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7
Q

Tarsal portion

A

Contains tarsal plates. Extend along the lid margins across the width of the lids- contains many glands

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8
Q

Tarsal (Meibomian) glands

A

Long thin glands embedded inside tarsal plates
Collecting ducts empty to inner edge of eyelids
Secretion has high lipid content

Oily secretion lines kids and prevents movement of aqueous tears onto kid skin
Also lipid villager on tear film limits aqueous evaporation

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9
Q

What can problems with lid movement (levator especially) cause

A

Ptosis or lid droop

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10
Q

What is ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid

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11
Q

Orbital septum

A

Flexible connective tissue that retains orbital fat

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12
Q

What are tarsal plates made of

A

Connective tissue

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13
Q

What does the orbital/ septal portion include

A

Skin, orbicularis muscle, orbital septum, preaponeurotic fat pad, levator aponeirosis insertion, mullers muscle, conjunctiva

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14
Q

What does tarsal portion consist of

A

Skin, orbicularis muscle, tarsal plate, conjunctiva

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15
Q

Tarsal glands (meibomian)

A

Excretory ducts every 1mm

More glands in upper plate

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16
Q

Eyelid movement

A

Palpebral fodder closed by orbicularis oculi muscles

Muscles of the face that enter lids anterior to other lid muscles and run in arcs

17
Q

What is levator muscle linked to

A

Broad flat tendon called levator aponeurosis attached to front tarsal plate

18
Q

What is upper edge of levator muscle attached to

A

Sphenoid bone inside orbit

19
Q

Where does inferior tarsal muscle insert

A

Directly into lower edge of inferior tarsal plate

20
Q

Where does eyelid have ill-defined origin in connective tissue

A

near inferior oblique and rectus muscles

21
Q

To widen palpebral fissure upper tarsal plate pulled up by

A

Levator muscle

Superior tarsal muscle (mullers muscle)

22
Q

What is lower tarsal plate pulled down by

A

A single inferior tarsal muscle

23
Q

Where does superior tarsal muscle (millers) run behind

A

The levator aponeurosis and insets directly into upper edge of superior tarsal plate

24
Q

What do upper end join

A

The origin of levator aponeurosis

25
Q

Where do orbicularis muscles insert

A

Medial palpebral ligament and lateral palpebral ligament

26
Q

What are medial palpebral ligament and lateral palpebral ligament

A

Medial and lateral canthal tendons

27
Q

What does chronic overreaction of pre-septal orbicularis result in

A

Entropion

Eye lashes scratch the cornea

28
Q

Palpebral

A

Part of a continuous sheet

29
Q

Limbal (lumbar) epithelium

A

Continuous with corneal epithelium

30
Q

Plies semilunaris

A

Vestigial ‘third eyelid’

31
Q

Lacrimal caruncle

A

Contains accessory lacrimal and sebaceous glands

32
Q

Epithelium in conjunctiva contains:

A

Epithelial cells
Langerhans cells that provide an immune response
Lymphocytes

33
Q

Substantia propria (stroma) bull bar in conjunctiva contains :

A

Many types of immunocompetent cells
Connective tissue
Vascular network
Nerve supply

34
Q

Glands in conjunctiva :

A

Goblet cells that secrete mucus into the tear film

About 50 accessory lacrimal glands

35
Q

Function of conjunctiva :

A

Production of the mucus component of tear film

Immunological defence protects ocular surface from infection

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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