Eyelid disorders Flashcards
What is blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelash follicles and eyelid glands
What are the causes of blepharitis?
Staphylococcal infection Seborrheic dermatitis Acne rosacea Dry eyes Demodex infestation
Describe how blepharitis presents
Bilateral, sore, gritty eyelids that are red and swollen
There is some crusting round the lashes
How can blepharitis be prevented?
Lid hygiene
- Warm compress
- eyelid massage
- cleaning eyelids with cotton wool to remove debris
Describe the management of blepharitis
Lid hygiene
If this does not work then topical antibiotics - chloramphenicol and then oral tetracycline antibiotics
What is a hordeolum? (stye)
Staph infection of eyelash follicle
Describe the treatment of a stye (hordeolum)
Warm compress
Removal of eyelash follicle and associated hordeolum
Incision with sterile needle
Topical antibiotics
What is a chalazion?
Granulomatous inflammatory lesion that forms in an obstructed Meibomian gland
What are chalazion associated with?
Blepharitis and acne rosacea
How do chalazion present?
Painless red eyelid cysts in the internal eyelid
How do hordeolum present?
Painful red eyelid cyst
How are chalazion managed?
Warm compress
Eyelid massage
If persistent then incision and curettage
What is entropion
Inward turning of the eyelid
What is ectropion
Outward turning of the eyelid
Why is entropion dangerous?
Can cause irritation of the cornea - ulcers and risk of sight loss
What is the main cause of entropion
Age related changes to the lower eyelid
Describe the management of entropion
Examination for corneal abrasions - corneal ulceration is sight threatening
Entropion repair surgery
Temporary relief by taping eyelid to cheek
What are two causes of ectropion?
Age related changes to eyelid
Facial nerve palsy
What is there a risk of with an ectropion?
Exposure keratopathy
What is exposure keratopathy?
Damage to the cornea due to ocular dryness caused by inadequate lid closure - can cause sight loss
How does ectropion present?
Sore watery red eye
What is trichiasis
When eyelashes grow inwards
What is the risk of trichaissis
Corneal ulceration and sight loss
What is trichiasis caused by?
Eyelid infection
How is trichiasis managed?
Remove the eyelashes
