EYELID

Question 1

Chalazion
Def ?
aetiology
course 
treatment 
complication

Answer 1

chronic sterile inflammatory lipogranuloma
of meibomian gland
caused by obstruction of orfice of meibomian gland leads to accumulation of sebaceous sec within acini of gland

Features more common in upper eyelid , painless grad inc swelling , small nodule on palpation

complication
mechanical ptosis
antisigmatism

Fate
can be Liqufy , Fibros , calcify , conjuctival burst

Treatment HY
conservative .. warm compression topical steroid , antibiotics and antiinflammatories

medical corticosteroid inj and sys antibiotics

surgical most common method inscission

Question 2

Marginal chalazion

Answer 2

chalazion in duct of meibomian goand which projects on the lid margins as red nodule

Question 3

HORDOLEUM 
def 
types 
causes ?
Features
treatment

Answer 3

infextious nodule in eye lid .
causes staph aureus

types HORDOLEUM externum
HORDOLEUM internum

FEATURES
pain , eye lid red swallowen
tenderness in eye lid(more in internum)
pus

Treatment 
analgesixs 
systemic antibiotics 
topical antibiotics
warm compress 
evacuation of puss

Question 4

Blepharitis 
Def
types 
aetiology
features
treatment

Answer 4

Subacute or chronic inflammation of eye lid margins

types
Anterior = infective blepharitis and non infective blepharitis
Posterior = meibomianitis

Aetiology
staph aureus and epidermis ( ulceratuve/infec blepharitis)
unknown ( non infective blepharitis)
inflammation of meibomian gland (meibomianitis)

Features =
Red , edematous eyelid margins and yellow pus and Crust ( ULCERATUVE)
Dandruff like material on lash , greasy eyelashes (Non Ulcerative )
yellow shining lines (duct of glands ) on eversion of eye lids (meobinitis )

Treatment 
systemic antibiotics
eyelid hygiene 
topical steroids 
artificial tears

Question 5

TRICHIASIS

Answer 5

Misdirection of eye lashes towards the globe 
Aetiology 
blephaeitis
trachoma
chemical burns 
eyelid injuries

complication
Corneal opacity
conjuctivitis
kerartitis

treatment 
Argon laser 
electrolysis destroyed by electric current 
contact lens 
surgery 
epilation removal of lash follicles 

DD
Pseudotrachiasis = 2ndry to entripion
Districhisasis = additional row of eye lashes

Question 6

ENTROPION
def
types
causes

Answer 6

Condition in which eye lid margins turn towards eyeball

Types congenital
and Aquired (senile , cicatricial and spastic)

Causes
Senile cataract most common type elederly
overriding of pre septal over pretarsal part of orbicularis muscles = atrophy of lower lid retractors and tarsal

Cicatricial = conjuctivitis ,chemical injuries

spastic entropion orbicularis oculi spasm
chronic conjuctivitis or occualr surgery

congenital
tarsal plate not formed

Features =
foreign body sensation
concjutival redness
corneal ulceration

Question 7

ECTROPION 
def
types 
causes 
grades 
Features

Answer 7

Condition in which eye lid margin is everted away from eye ball
types
Congenital
Aquired ( senile , cicatricial , paralytic )

causes =
senile = age related atrophic changes in palpbral part of orbicularis
cicatricial = scarring or conteacture of underlying tissue trauma

paralytic = atony of eyelid caused by facial nerve palsy

congenital = developmental defromity of eyelid

Features
Epiphora main symptom
conjuctivitis
eczema and dermititis

Grades = 1(punctum everted) 2 (lid margin everted) 3(forniceal conjuctiva is also visible)

Question 8

PTOSIS BLEPHAROPTOSIS

Answer 8

def = Abnormal drooping of upper eye lid 
types 
Congenital 
Aquired neurogenic , mygogenic , apneurotic mechanical 

causes
congenital = maldevelopment of muscles
neurogenic ptosis III nerve palsy or horners
syndrome
Myogenic ptosis Myastenia gravis , ocular thyropathy . myotonic dystrophy

aponeurotic stretching of lev aponeurosis
Mechanical inc weight of upper eyelid