Eye-tis 101 Flashcards
Anterior uveitis symptoms, investigations, management
Pain
Photophobia
Blurred/double vision
Pupillary changes / haziness
HYPOPYON
Investigations: fundoscopy will show an irregular and small pupil and HYPOPYON (pus)
Mx - refer and give steroids
What makes up the uvea
Choroid
Ciliary bodies
Iris
Anterior uveitis can be associated with?
IBD
Ank spond (think 6 As)
Arthritis
What are the 6 As of ankylosing spondylitis
AV block
Aortic regurgitation
Anterior uveitis
Apical lung fibrosis
Achilles tendonitis
Amyloidosis
What are the three types of block
AV block Type 1 - PR intervals are prolonged more than 300 seconds
Type 2 (Mobitz)
-Mobitz 1= progressively prolonging PR intervals until it is dropped
-Mobitz 2 = fixed PR for a few beats, then it is dropped in a fixed ratio (e.g. 3:1)
Type 3 - complete block
What is conjunctivitis? How do you differentiate between the causes based on symptoms?
Discharge
Discomfort
“Conjunctival injection”
Due to reaction to something on the outside - infection or allergen
Bilateral - allergen
Unilateral sticky discharge - bacterial
Unilateral watery discharge - viral
Which viruses commonly cause conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
Which bacteria commonly cause conjunctivitis?
Staph
Strep
HiB
Management of conjunctivitis
If bacterial - chloramphenicol drops
If viral - nothing
If allergic - antihistamine drops
If contact wearer - same day opthal review to rule out microbial keratitis
What is keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea - can be an ulcer
Symptoms of keratitis
Pain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Grittiness/defect
White corneal opacity
Causes of keratitis
Bacteria - S. aureus, P. aeruginosa form contact lenses
Fungi
Amoeba - acanthamoeba keratitis
Viral - herpes simplex keratitis
Investigations of keratitis and management
Slit lamp fluorescein staining
Mx - refer for swabs and topic abx/aciclovir drops, mydriasis
What is a corneal abrasion
When there is an epithelial breach without keratitis; pain, photophobia, blurred vision, visible defect
Investigations for corneal abrasion
Slit lamp fluorescein staining
Mx - infection prophylaxis with chloramphenicol
Classic symptoms of scleritis
SEVERE PAIN WORSE ON EYE MOVEMENT
What is scleritis associated with?
GPA
RhA
SLE
Vasculitis
Key complication of scleritis
Scleromalacia and perforation of the globe
Investigations and management of scleritis
Fundoscopy for severe conjunctival oedema worse than episcleritis
How to differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis
Symptomatically - episcleritis is not painful, but scleritis is
Phenyephrine drops - scleritis stays red, episcleritis goes white
Management of scleritis
Refer urgently within 24 hours - corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, phenylephrine
Acute Glaucoma symptoms
Pain (severe)
Haloes around lights
N and V
Reduced acuity
Signs of glaucoma/investigations
Fundoscopy showing cloudy cornea + fixed, dilated pupil
Tonometry - Increased IOP
Gonioscopy with slit lamp (measures iridocorneal angle) (gold-standard)
