Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eye basics > Eye standard conditions > Flashcards

Eye standard conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of optic neuritis?

A

Idiopathic
Post-infective
MS
Infectious
Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis?

A

Pain on ocular movement
RAPD
Vision loss
VF defect
Colour desaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Work-up for optic neuritis?

A

MRI brain tro MS
TRO intraocular inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mx of optic neuritis?

A

IV methylpred, then oral pred.
If idiopathic or a/w MS, vision usu improves over 2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of ischemic optic neuropathy

A

Non-arteritic = painless LOV on awakening
RAPD
Inferior altitudinal defect
Low colour vision

Arteritic = similar, but bilateral or rapid severe LOV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RF of age related macular degeneration

A

Age
Female gender
Smoking
HTN, hyperlipidemia
Obesity
Caucasian race
Family hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of Dry AMD?

A

Painless metamorphopsia
Missing central vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mx of dry AMD?

A

No known tx. Give AREDS 2 formulation
Smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mx of wet AMD?

A

Anti-VEGF injection
PRP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presentation of retinal artery occlusion

A

Transient vision loss
Sudden onset painless monocular visual loss
RAPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mx of RAO?

A

Ocular massage
IV acetazolamide
Anterior chamber paracentesis

Ocular emergency!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of CRVO?

A

Painless monocular visual loss. Onset not as sudden as CRAO.
RAPD

differentiate btw ischemic vs non-ischemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of CRVO?

A

Extrinsic pressure on vein - Raised IOP
DM, HTN, HLD, SLE etc that affects vessel walls
Hypercoagulability, Hyperviscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mx of RVO?

A

Treat underlying predisposing factors e.g. atherosclerotic RFs
PRP
Anti-VEGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RFs for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?

A

Acute posterior vitreous detachment
High myopia
Previous surgery
Trauma
Retinal degeneration
Aphakia or pseudoaphakia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Symptoms of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?

A

Sudden onset floaters
Flashes
Partial VF defect corresponding to area of RD
Poor vision
RAPD
Loss of red reflex

Progress to total RD if untreated

17
Q

Causes of vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Retinal vein occlusion
Trauma
Retinal tear or detachment
Breakthrough bleeding from age-related macular degeneration

18
Q

Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Sudden unilateral painful red eye and vision loss
Ipsilateral headache
N/V
Coloured halos
Photophobia
Fixed mid/semi-mid dilated non-reactive pupil
Hazy cornea from corneal edema
Shallow anterior chamber
High IOP

19
Q

Symptoms of anterior uveitis?

A

Aching ocular pain
Photophobia
BOV
Circumciliary injection
Pupil miotic/less reaction to light

20
Q

Signs of anterior uveitis?

A

Aching ocular pain
Photophobia
BOV
Circumciliary injection
Pupil miotic/poorly reactive to light

21
Q

What to watch out for in infective conjunctivitis?

A

Dont use steroids.
Can worsen infection and cause blindness if severe and uncontrolled.

22
Q

Signs of “not safe” conjunctivitis?

A

Atypical hx e.g trauma
Contact lens users
Poor vision + pain
Purulent discharge
Corneal involvement
Prolonged course > 1week

23
Q

Ocular features of Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Fatiguability
Variability
Cogan’s lid twitch
Diplopia
Ptosis

Bulbar symptoms
Respi weakness
Proximal weakness

24
Q

Tests for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Tensilon test -> Ptosis improves if MG
Ice pack test -> Ptosis improves if MG
Nap test -> ptosis improves if MG
Single fibre EMG
CT/MRI neck tro thymoma

25
Q

Mx of MG?

A

Ach inhibitor e.g. neostigmine
Prednisolone
IV human Ig
Thymectomy

26
Q

Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?

A

High GLC level initiates hyperperfusion + direct toxic effect on endothelial cells
High blood flow raises shear stress -> capillary leakage -> exudates + retinal edema

27
Q

How does visual loss result from proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A

Diabetic maculopathy
Vitreous haemorrhage
Tractional retinal detachment

28
Q

Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy

A

usu asymptomatic
Bilateral, symmetrical microangiopathy

29
Q

Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy?

A
30
Q

Causes of unilateral optic disc swelling?

A

Optic neuritis
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Compressive optic neuropathy
Sarcoidosis

31
Q

Complications of cataracts?

A

Uveitis
Lens-induced glaucoma

32
Q

AV nipping and silver wiring in what condition?

A

hypertensive retinopathy on b/g of chronic HTN

33
Q

Symptoms of thyroid eye disease?

A

Periorbital + lid swelling.
Conjunctival edema
Proptosis
Chemosis
Lid retraction
Lid lag
Binocular diplopia
Compressive optic neuropathy -> poor VA, RAPD, red desat
Glaucoma
Exposure keratitis

34
Q
A

Eye basics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions