Eye review Flashcards
subjective data for entropion?
“feels like there is something in my eye”
can surgery correct entropion ?
yes
with entropion how does how does the cornea present itself?
red
nursing care for entropion
- eye drops
- antibiotics
what is an ectropion
the turning outward and sagging of the eyelid
what causes an extrapion?
muscle relaxation and weakness caused by aging
with an ectropion air gets in the cornea causing __________
dryness
Patient presents with constant ______ and sagging lower eyelid
tears
surgery can restore_______
eyelid alignment
What is a hordeolum?
stye… infection of the eyelid sweat gland or eyelid sebaceous gland
a stye looks _______ and is painful
red
nursing care for a stye includes…
- eye compress
- antibacterial ointment
Nursing intervenes for a stye….
- teach patient how to apply compress
- remove the ointment from eyes before driving or operating machinery
what is a chalazion?
is an inflammation of a sebaceous gland in the eye lid
Is there pain felt with a chalazion?
No, painless swelling
Subjective for chalazion
- light sensitivity
- eye fatigue
- excessive tears
what is a keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
dry eye syndrome
what drugs decrease tear production?
- antihistamine
- beta androgenic blocking agents
- anticholinergics
- cosmetic surgery
cyclosporine
(restasis) ….increases tear production
artificial tears are used with dry eye syndrome to
reduce daytime dryness
what is Conjunctivitis?
inflammation with or without infection of the conjunctiva
what are the two types of conjunctivitis ?
allergic and bacterial
allergic conjunctivitis manifestation…
burning !
blood shot eye appearance, excessive tears and itching
Management of allergic conjunctivitis includes…
…
Management of allergic conjunctivitis includes…
vasoconstritor and corticosteroid eyedrops
Bacterial conjunctivitis manifestations
- vessel dialation
- edema
- tears
- discharge
- discharge is watery then turns thicker w/ mucus
treatment of conjunctivitis
ophthalmic antibiotics
Nursing intervention of conjunctivitis
- preventing spread to the other eye
- remind to wash hands
- do not touch un affected eye before washing hands
- avoid sharing was cloths
- dont try on others make-up
- dont share eyeglasses
- use eyedrops in both eyes
What is a trachoma?
Chronic conjunctivitis caused by clamydia trachomatis
trachoma resembles which eye condition?
bacterial conjunctivitis
most effective medication used for trachoma is
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Corneal abrasion
a scratch or scrape injury to the cornea
What can cause a corneal abrasion?
- foreign body
- trauma
- contacts
- malnutrition
- dry eye syndrome
- some cancer therapies
Corneal ulceration
deeper injury to the cornea….medical emergency that can permanently impair vision
The patient with corneal disorder has
pain, reduced vision, photophobia and eye secretions
- hazy look
nursing priority for corneal disorder
- begin drug therapy
- prevent infection
nursing interventions
- antibiotics and make sure they are compliant
- eye drops only go i in the infected eye and not both
cataract is a
lens opacity that distorts the image
cataracts can be present at birth or develop…
at anytime
cataracts can cause…
blindness
assessment of cataract
- age
- family history
- recent/ past eye trauma
- radioactive exposure
- ## prolonged corticosteroid, beta blockers and biotic drugs
subjective
- decreased color perception
- may express that their vision is blurry
does cataracts caused pain ?
no pain or redness associated with age related cataracts
Can vision be restored when the cataract is removed ?
yes
what is the only cure for cataracts ?
surgery
glaucoma is
a group of eye disorders resulting Inntraocular pressure
a patient with glaucoma usually has pain and has a dull…
headache over the affected eye
an intraocular pressure above 20 is
to be alarmed
primary glaucoma…
most common
- develops slowly and has no manifestation in early stages
physical assessment/manifestations of glaucoma
- los of visual fields
- sudden severe pain around the eyes that radiates over the face
- seeing halos
- vomiting
diagnostic assessment of IOP measured by
tonometry
open angles glaucoma tonometry reading should be between
22-32
angle closure glaucoma tonometry reading may be
30 mm Hg or higher
glaucoma is a common cause of
Blindness in North America
glaucoma intervention
- drug therapy to decrease IOP
Patient teaching for glaucoma drug therapy
- take medications as prescribed and on time
- wait 5-10 min if taking more than 1 eye drop to prevent washing out effect.
- do not skip doses
What would you want to reinforce to a patient with a patient taking multiple eye drops
- identifying through different textures
- using large labels
- brighter colors
- use rubber band system
Macular degeneration is
the deterioration of the macula and can be age related and exudative
____ AMD is the most common
dry
dry amd manifestationa
- decreased central vision
- mild blurring
visual distortion at first - affects adl’s
dry AMD processes fastest amongst
smokers
risk factors for AMD include
hypertension female short stature family history long term diet poor in vitamin E and carotene
exudative macular degeneration can occur
at any age and in one or both eyes
patients with EMD has a
sudden decrease in vision after a detachment of pigment epithelium in the macula
does dry AMD have a cure?
No, treatment is focused on slowing down vision loss
what dietary intakes slow the progression of dry AMD?
- vitamin B 12
- antioxidants
- carotenoids lutein ans zeaxanthin
Retinal holes can be caused by
trauma and aging
retinal tears are characterized by
jagged and irregular shaped break in the retina
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the epithelium
retinal detachment can be sudden and
painless
subjective for retinal detachment…
sudden bright, flashes of l
- floating dark spots ight
myopia
near sightedness
presbyopia
age related vision loss
patients decrease floaters as
seeing little things crawling ( bleeding behind the eye
hyperopia aka micro myopia
far sightedness
astigmatism
combination of both
eye trauma is diagnosed with what
a CT scan or bedside ultrasound
if a person works in construction and has metal in their eye you cannot do an MRI why?
the radiation will pull out the eye
